由于脑膜炎可由多种不同的病原体所引起以及因而导致可进行的治疗范围不一,致使这一问题看法尚需加以讨论。然而,对大多数脑膜炎患者,其治疗及诊断的界线易于明确。首先应决定脑膜炎是否由化脓菌所引起,正常情况下可有急性起病,脑脊液内中性白细胞计数增高,有时有脑膜炎球菌性败血症的典型皮疹。偶尔在严重败血症时,在采取脑脊液前,中性白细胞尚未明显增加(有时在无细胞的脑脊液内也可找到细菌),但有时严重急性疾病伴有紫癜性皮疹有助于作出正确诊断。第二步要排除新生儿以及中枢神经系统损害或免疫抑 As meningitis can be caused by a number of different pathogens and as a result, the scope of treatment that can be pursued is different, the view on this subject needs further discussion. However, the delineation of treatment and diagnosis of most meningitis patients is straightforward. The first decision should be made whether meningitis caused by pyogenic bacteria, under normal circumstances may have acute onset, elevated neutrophil counts in cerebrospinal fluid, and sometimes a typical rash of meningococcal sepsis. Occasionally in severe sepsis, neutrophils have not been significantly increased (sometimes found in acellular cerebrospinal fluid) before taking cerebrospinal fluid, but sometimes severe acute disease accompanied by purpuric rash helps to make the correct diagnosis. The second step to exclude neonatal and central nervous system damage or immunosuppression