青海湖地处青藏高原东北部,是我国最大的内陆微咸水湖和国家级湿地自然保护区,介于北纬36°32’~37°15’和东经99°36’~100°47’之间,1981年实测青海湖面积4 340 km2,最大水深27m,平均水深17.9 m,矿化度13.84 g/L。青海湖流域的生态特征和环境变化历来倍受关注,流域内的巨大水体、高山和草地是阻挡西部荒漠东侵的重要生态屏障,对周边地区自然生态的稳定发挥着巨大 Located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Lake is China’s largest inland brackish lake and a national wetland nature reserve, between 36 ° 32’-37 ° 15’N and 99 ° 36’-100 ° 47’E In 1981, the measured area of ​​Qinghai Lake was 4 340 km 2, the maximum water depth was 27 m, the average water depth was 17.9 m, and the salinity was 13.84 g / L. The ecological characteristics and environmental changes in the Qinghai Lake Basin have always drawn much attention. The huge water bodies, mountains and grasslands within the watershed are important ecological barriers to the eastward invasion of the western deserts. They play an important role in stabilizing the natural ecology in the surrounding areas.