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研究不同类型降雨下土地利用/覆被对水土流失过程的影响,对于科学指导植被建设和控制水土流失具有重要意义。采用人工模拟降雨的方法,对南方红壤区典型小流域8种不同利用土地的径流、泥沙在不同降雨条件下的流失特征进行了研究。结果表明,不同利用土地的径流和泥沙流失差异明显,且各利用土地的径流和泥沙流失的变化对雨量雨强变化的响应不同;相同降雨条件下径流调控排序为果园>旱平地>油茶>弃土场>水保林>坡耕地>水田>裸地,泥沙调控排序为果园>油茶>旱平地>水田>裸地>水保林>坡耕地>弃土场。因此,具有水土保持措施的果园保水保土最好,而裸地产流最大,坡耕地和弃土场泥沙流失最多,产流和产沙没有完全的对应关系,该研究结果为南方红壤区的水土保持规划与水土流失综合治理提供了基础数据和科学依据。
Studying the impact of land use / cover on soil erosion process under different types of rainfall is of great significance for the scientific guidance of vegetation construction and soil erosion control. Using simulated rainfall, the characteristics of runoff and sediment loss under different rainfall conditions in eight different types of land use in the typical small watershed of red soil region were studied. The results showed that there was significant difference in runoff and sediment loss between land use and land use, and the changes of runoff and sediment loss in different land use were different in response to rainfall intensity changes. The order of runoff regulation under the same rainfall was orchard> dry land> > Spoil farm> ShuiLinLin> sloping farmland> paddy field> order of bare land and silt is Orchard> Camellia oleracea> Arid Plain> paddy field> bare land> ShuiLinLin> sloping land> spoil ground. Therefore, the orchard with water and soil conservation measures had the best soil-water conservation and soil conservation, while the bare land had the largest runoff. The loss of sediment was the most in sloping arable land and spoil land. There was no complete correspondence between runoff and sand production. The results of this study were as follows: Soil and water conservation planning and comprehensive management of soil erosion provide the basic data and scientific evidence.