[目的]讨论棕色瘤的临床表现、诊治原则、骨性病变转归及误诊原因,为其综合诊治及避免误诊提供临床经验。[方法]回顾性研究2005~2012年山东大学齐鲁医院骨外科收治的8例棕色瘤患者的临床资料,统计分析血生化资料及骨密度检测值,同时对其骨性病变进行随访,评价其转归结果。[结果]主诉全身乏力伴骨痛5例(62.5%),轻微外伤后病理性骨折3例(37.5%),血清钙及PTH增高(100%),骨影像学示局部骨溶骨性破坏或弥漫性骨质疏松,单纯影像学诊断为棕色瘤3例(37.5%),其他病变5例(62.5%)。均行甲状旁腺切除术(100%),4例行骨科手术处理(50%),其中2例发生误诊。甲状旁腺素均于术后3 d内降至正常,术后出现低血钙时给予补钙后平均2个月血钙恢复正常。骨性病变于术后3个月逐渐出现骨小梁增多增粗,骨密度增加,1年时骨皮质明显增厚,完全恢复时间因病情严重程度而异。[结论]棕色瘤临床上较易引起误诊,血生化筛查可提示其存在。甲状旁腺切除术为本病治疗首选,且术后骨性病变会得到控制并最终逆转,而骨科手术无太大必要,但若出现病理性骨折、持续重度疼痛及复发等,可行骨科手术治疗改善早期局部疼痛症状,提高生活质量。 [Objective] To discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles, the outcome of skeletal lesions and the causes of misdiagnosis of brown tumors and provide clinical experience for their comprehensive diagnosis and treatment and avoiding misdiagnosis. [Methods] The clinical data of 8 patients with brown tumor admitted to Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 2005 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The blood biochemical data and BMD were analyzed statistically. Meanwhile, their bone lesions were followed up and evaluated The result. [Results] 5 cases (62.5%) were complain of generalized weakness with bone pain, 3 cases (37.5%) with mild traumatic pathological fracture, and elevated serum calcium and PTH (100%). Bone imaging showed local osteolytic destruction or Diffuse osteoporosis, simple imaging diagnosis of brown tumor in 3 cases (37.5%), other lesions in 5 cases (62.5%). All underwent parathyroidectomy (100%) and 4 underwent orthopedic surgery (50%), of which 2 cases were misdiagnosed. Parathyroid hormone were reduced to normal within 3 days after surgery, postoperative calcium hypocalcemia after giving an average of 2 months, serum calcium returned to normal. Bone trauma gradually increased in trabecular at 3 months after operation, and the bone density increased. At 1 year, the cortical bone became thicker and the time of complete recovery varied with the severity of the disease. [Conclusion] The brown tumor is more likely to cause misdiagnosis clinically, and blood biochemical screening may indicate its existence. Parathyroidectomy is the first choice for the treatment of this disease, and postoperative bone disease will be controlled and eventually reversed, and orthopedic surgery is not much necessary, but if the pathological fracture, severe pain and recurrence continued, orthopedic surgery Improve early local pain symptoms and improve quality of life.