黑色金属轧材是苏联铁路运输部门大量需要的材料品种之一。它在黑色金属和有色金属及合金总用量中所占的比重为80％,每年用量超过330万吨。用量最大的金属轧材品种是钢轨和扣件,占所用的金属原料的61.5％。轮对零件的金属用量为:整轧车轮占7.9％,车轴毛坯占3.6％,轮箍占2％,其余金属品种为梁和槽钢、型钢和钢板占25％。铁路的技术改造、装备更完善的机车车 Black rolled metal is one of the many varieties of materials needed by the Soviet railway transport sector. It accounts for 80% of the total ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, with an annual volume of more than 3.3 million tons. The largest amount of metal rolled products are rails and fasteners, accounting for 61.5% of the metal used. The amount of metal used for wheelset parts is: 7.9% for finished rolling wheels, 3.6% for wheel shafts, 2% for wheel rims, and the remaining metal species are beams and channels, with profiles and plates accounting for 25%. Railway technological transformation, equipped with more perfect locomotive