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目的探索贵阳市社区普通人群和吸毒人群传播艾滋病危险行为的有效干预方法 ,以此提高他们预防艾滋病的知识水平及对毒品和艾滋病的警觉性 ,提倡百分之百使用安全套 ,降低吸毒人群共用注射针剂的高危行为。方法利用调查表对三个社区及两个戒毒所的吸毒人群 1192人进行艾滋病知识、态度、行为等基线资料调查 ,采用发放宣传资料、讲课、放录像、防治咨询、发放安全套和一次性注射器等方法进行教育干预。结果通过健康教育干预后 ,预防STD/AIDS知识比基线调查的回答正确率显著提高 ;艾滋病是传染病由 82 6 7%上升到 92 91% ,对艾滋病的三种传播途径的了解由6 1 83%提高到 75 4 5 % ,认为一般日常生活接触不会传染艾滋病的由 70 5 0 %上升到 98 4 3% ,共用注射器静脉吸毒可传播艾滋病由 74 %上升到 89 5 3% ,高危行为时使用安全套可预防性病艾滋病由4 3 2 5 %上升到 6 5 16 % ,经 χ2 检验差异均具有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论在社区吸毒人群中采用大力宣传、“同伴教育”、健康咨询等预防策略及减少伤害等干预措施是吸毒人群中遏制STD/AIDS蔓延的重要干预手段 ,应在全省各社区广泛开展。
Objective To explore effective intervention methods for transmitting HIV / AIDS risk among the general population and drug addicts in Guiyang community so as to raise their knowledge of HIV / AIDS prevention and awareness of drugs and AIDS, advocate 100% condom use and reduce the high risk of sharing injection injections among drug users behavior. Methods A questionnaire was used to survey baseline information on HIV / AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior among 1192 drug addicts from three communities and two drug addicts. Publicity materials, lectures, videos, prevention and treatment counseling, condoms and disposable syringes were issued Methods for educational intervention. Results After the health education intervention, the correct rate of response to STD / AIDS prevention knowledge was significantly higher than that of the baseline survey; AIDS was the number of infectious diseases increased from 82.67% to 92.91%, and the knowledge of the three routes of transmission of AIDS increased from 61.83 % To 75.45%. It is believed that the average daily life exposure will not increase from 70 5 0% to 98 4 3% of those who can not transmit AIDS, and the share of intravenous drug use among injecting syringes will increase from 74% to 89 5 3% The use of condoms to prevent STD / AIDS increased from 42.5% to 65.16%, and the difference was significant (P <0.01) by the χ2 test. Conclusion Prevention strategies such as “peer education”, health counseling and other harm reduction interventions are important interventions to stop the spread of STD / AIDS among drug users and should be widely implemented in all communities in the province.