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【目的】陵水、三亚、乐东三县(市)是各类水稻(包括转基因水稻)冬季南繁的主要基地或中心。计算并绘制海南南繁区乡镇尺度水稻基因飘流的最大阈值距离图,为南繁水稻育种设置合理的隔离距离提供参考。【方法】采用已建立的水稻基因飘流模型和阈值分析方法,依托南繁区自动气象站资料,计算了该区域乡、镇尺度向不育系和栽培稻基因飘流的最大阈值距离(the maximum threshold distances of gene flow,MTDs),分析其时、空分布特征和影响因子。参照中国农业部有关水稻种子生产的质量标准,阈值分别设为1%和0.1%。【结果】南繁区向不育系的MTD1%平均值为(110±31)m,最短为53 m,最长为195 m。向不育系的MTD0.1%平均值为(169±44)m,最短为75 m,最长为271 m。向栽培稻的MTD1%均小于1 m;MTD0.1%平均值为(3.4±1.1)m,最短为0.6m,最长为5.8 m。向不育系和栽培稻的MTD0.1%两者相差近50倍。南繁区MTDs有2个高值区和4个高值点,3个低值区和5个低值点。以陵水、三亚、乐东为主体的南繁区,地处热带,三面临海,北面有五指山为屏障。冬季盛行东北季风,春季和初夏盛行南太平洋的东南季风和印度洋的西南季风。因此,南繁区的沿海陆地平原大都风速较大;沿海陆地与五指山区之间为中、低山丘陵地带,丘陵的走向和高度决定了该区的风向和风速;五指山南坡附近的丘陵地区,风速会因屏障效应而明显减小。【结论】地形特征和大气环流影响风向和风速,决定了南繁区MTDs空间分布的基本格局:高值区主要分布在该地区的东翼、西翼和南部沿海平原;低值区主要分布在五指山南麓的屏障区域。
[Objective] Lingshui, Sanya and Ledong counties (cities) are the major bases or centers of various kinds of winter rice (including genetically modified rice) in winter. The maximum threshold distance map of rice gene drift at township scale was calculated and plotted in southern Hainan, providing reference for setting reasonable isolation distance in Nanfan rice breeding. 【Method】 Based on the established model of rice gene flow and threshold analysis and relying on the data of Nanfan automatic weather station, the maximum threshold distance of gene flow to the male-sterile lines and cultivated rice in the region was calculated distances of gene flow, MTDs) were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. With reference to the quality standards of China’s Ministry of Agriculture for rice seed production, the thresholds were set at 1% and 0.1% respectively. 【Result】 The average MTD1% of the male sterile lines in the South Fan area was (110 ± 31) m with the shortest of 53 m and the longest of 195 m. The average MTD 0.1% of CMS lines was (169 ± 44) m, the shortest was 75 m and the longest was 271 m. The MTD1% of cultivated rice was less than 1 m; the average of MTD0.1% was (3.4 ± 1.1) m, the shortest was 0.6m and the longest was 5.8 m. Nearly 50-fold difference between the MTD 0.1% of CMS and cultivated rice. There are two high value areas and four high value spots, three low value areas and five low value spots in the South Fanfang MTDs. To Lingshui, Sanya, Ledong as the main South Fan area, is located in the tropics, three facing the sea, north of Wuzhishan as a barrier. Winter prevalence of the northeast monsoon, spring and early summer prevalent in the South Pacific monsoon and Southwest Indian monsoon. As a result, most of the coast plains along the coast of the southern part of Hong Kong have a high wind speed. The coastal land and the Wuzhishan area are medium and low mountainous hilly areas. The direction and height of the hills determine the direction and wind speed of the area. The hilly areas near the southern slope of Wuzhishan , The wind speed will be obviously reduced due to the barrier effect. 【Conclusion】 The topographic features and the effects of general circulation on the wind direction and wind speed determine the basic pattern of spatial distribution of MTDs in the south of the area. The high value areas are mainly distributed in the eastern, western and southern coastal plains of the area. The low value areas are mainly distributed in the Wuzhishan south of the barrier area.