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在室内培养条件下(不生长植物)对西德黑森州三种代表性耕作土壤(黄土、冲积土、玄武岩发育土壤)进行铵态氮的转化研究。表明;在黄土和冲积土中,施肥后肥料铵离子分别有40％和32％被粘土矿物固定。在玄武岩发育土壤中,由于粘土矿物的特殊结合位置主要被钾离子所占据,所以施肥后肥料铵离子仅有很少量约9％被粘土矿物固定。在培养过程中固定态铵离子含量呈上升—下降—上升的趋势,说明这种形态的氮在土壤中不是静止不变的,它可以转化为植物可利用的有效氮,主要是硝态氮。可以作为土壤矿质氮的一种“储备”形态。对减少氮的淋洗损失和保证肥料氮在全生长季有较多供应起重要作用。关于粘土矿物中的铵离子的释放机制目前尚未完全清楚。本试验表明,它与土壤中硝化作用有密切关系。随着固定态铵含量下降,硝态氮含量明显上升,两者呈显著的负相关。在黄土中γ=-0.743,在冲积土中γ=-0.578。此外在固定态铵离子和代换性铵离子,以及可溶性硝态氮之间,彼此亦有密切相关。固定态铵离子和硝态氮之间一般呈负相关,固定态铵离子和代换性铵离子一般呈正相关,而代换性铵离子和硝态氮呈显著的负相关。但尚待进一步的试验加以证实。
The conversion of ammonium nitrogen to three representative tillage soils (loess, alluvial soil, basal development soils) in West Hesse was investigated under laboratory conditions (non-growing plants). It shows that in loess and alluvial soil, 40% and 32% of fertilizers ammonium ions are respectively fixed by clay minerals. In soils with basalts, since the specific binding sites for clay minerals are predominantly occupied by potassium ions, only a very small amount of about 9% of the fertilizer ammonium ions are immobilized by clay minerals after fertilization. During cultivation, the content of ammonium ion in fixed state showed a rising-falling-rising trend, indicating that this form of nitrogen is not static in the soil, and it can be converted into available nitrogen available for plants, mainly nitrate nitrogen. It can be used as a “reserve” form of soil mineral nitrogen. It plays an important role in reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and ensuring more fertilizer nitrogen supply in the whole growth season. The mechanism of ammonium ion release in clay minerals is not yet fully understood. The test shows that it is closely related to nitrification in the soil. With the decrease of fixed ammonium content, nitrate nitrogen content increased significantly, the two showed a significant negative correlation. Γ = -0.743 in loess and γ = -0.578 in alluvial soil. In addition, fixed ammonium and substituted ammonium ions, as well as soluble nitrate nitrogen, are also closely related to each other. There is a general negative correlation between fixed ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, fixed ammonium and substituted ammonium are generally positively correlated, while alternative ammonium and nitrate are significantly negatively correlated. However, further tests to be confirmed.