中国抒情诗重悲哀而轻欢乐,自古已然,它有着强大的社会和心理基础:一方面是人生苦多乐少,面对命运和自然时很容易产生充满无力、渺小之悲感;从审美接受角度来讲,也由于悲愁容易引起共鸣、感动人心。不过日本学者吉川幸次郎注意到到了宋代,诗歌的情感基调有所变化,他认为宋代以前的诗人“把悲哀当作诗歌的重要主题。只有到了宋朝,才算脱离了这样久以来的习惯,而开创了一个新局面。”~([1](P33)),也即是说对悲哀的扬弃成为宋诗的显著特性之一。吉川先生认为是宋人达观的人生态度、乐易精神改变了诗歌悲哀惆怅的底色,诚为不易之言。不过,以此形而上之哲学思想为主导,对宋人的诗歌观念与创作实践作具体的辨析,以充分揭示宋诗情感基调转变的影响因素与相关表现,这一方面的研究论证似仍有深入空间,下文拟分为两个层次略作申述。 Since ancient times, Chinese lyric poetry has a sad and light joy. It has a strong social and psychological foundation. On the one hand, it is hard to live a life full of bitterness and joyfulness. In the face of destiny and nature, Angle of view, but also because of sad easily cause resonance, touching. However, Japanese scholar Yoshikawa Yoshikazu noticed that in the Song Dynasty, the emotional tone of poetry changed. He considered the former poet “an important theme of poetry”, and only when it came to the Song dynasty did it break away from the habit so long Creating a new situation. “” ([1] (P33)), that is to say, the sublation of sorrow became one of the salient features of Song poetry. Mr. Yoshikawa thinks that it is the life attitudes of the Song darkest, and the spirit of Yue Yi changes the background of sad, melancholy poetry, which is not easy to say. However, taking this metaphysical philosophical thought as the leading factor, this dissertation makes a concrete analysis of the poetry conceptions and writing practice of the Song Dynasty in order to fully reveal the influencing factors and related expressions of the change of the emotional tone of the Song poetry. Space, the following is intended to be divided into two levels slightly for the case.