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以虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、山女鳟(O.masou masou)及其杂交F1(虹鳟♀×山女鳟♂)为研究对象,分别进行了肌肉营养成分和肌肉质地测定。结果显示,(1)杂交F1肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于双亲(P<0.05),含水率和粗蛋白含量介于双亲之间,其中含水率最高者为山女鳟,粗蛋白含量最高者为虹鳟,并且三者间差异显著(P<0.05);(2)杂交F1肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量均显著高于双亲(P<0.05),其半必需氨基酸含量高于虹鳟,但低于山女鳟;(3)3种鱼肌肉营养品质评价结果表明,杂交F1肌肉必需氨基酸指数(77.77)明显高于虹鳟(63.67),略低于山女鳟(79.19);(4)杂交F1肌肉肉色(亮度、红度、黄度)和嫩度与双亲相比差异显著(P<0.05),按肉色和嫩度测定值由高到低排列依次为山女鳟>杂交F1>虹鳟。研究结果表明,杂交F1继承了山女鳟肉质优良的特性,肌肉品质优于虹鳟,这为虹鳟和山女鳟杂交育种提供了参考。
In this study, Oncorhynchus mykiss, O.masou masou and their hybrid F1 (rainbow trout × mountain trout) were selected as the research objects, and the muscle nutrients and muscle texture were determined respectively. The results showed that: (1) The content of crude fat in hybrid F1 muscle was significantly lower than that of parents (P <0.05), and the water content and crude protein content were between parents. (P <0.05). (2) The total amount of amino acids, total essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amount of umami amino acids in hybrid F1 muscle were significantly higher than those of parents (P <0.05) (3) The nutritional quality of three kinds of fish muscle showed that the essential amino acid index (77.77) of hybrid F1 muscle was significantly higher than that of rainbow trout (63.67), slightly lower than that of rainbow trout (4) The flesh color (brightness, redness, yellowness) and tenderness of the hybrid F1 muscle were significantly different from those of the parents (P <0.05), and the order of the color and tenderness was from high to low Mountain trout> Hybrid F1> Rainbow trout. The results showed that hybrid F1 inherited the excellent characteristics of the mountain trout meat, muscle quality better than rainbow trout, which provides a reference for rainbow trout and mountain trout crossbred breeding.