所谓自主学习是一种学习者在总体教学目标的宏观调控下,在教师的指导下,根据自身的需要自由地选择学习目标、学习内容、学习方法,并通过自我调控的学习活动完成具体学习目标的学习模式。它具有能动性、独立性和异步性等特点。它以尊重、信任、发挥人的能动性为前提。它使学生的学习由被动转为主动,由消极转为积极,不仅注重开发学生的学习潜能,同时注重培养学生的学习责任感;它把学习建立在人的独立性基础上,要求学生摆脱对教师的依赖,独立自主地开展学习活动;它尊重学生学习的个体差异性,强调学生在充分了解自身的客观条件并进行综合评估的基础上,根据自身的需要,制定出具体的学习目标,选择相关的学习内容,并对学习结果做出自我评估。它既力求使一部分学生脱颖而出,又着力使一部分暂时落后的学生有机会得到教师较多的有针对性的帮助和指导。 The so-called autonomous learning is a kind of learners under the macro-control of the overall teaching objectives, under the guidance of the teacher, according to their own needs to freely select learning objectives, learning content, learning methods, and through self-regulating learning activities to complete the specific learning objectives Learning mode. It has the characteristics of mobility, independence and asynchrony. It is based on respect, trust, give play to the initiative of people as a precondition. It enables students to learn from passive to active, from negative to positive, not only focus on the development of student learning potential, while focusing on developing students’ sense of responsibility for learning; it builds on the basis of human independence, requires students to get rid of the teacher It respects the individual differences of students’ learning. It emphasizes that based on their own needs, students should formulate specific learning objectives and select the relevant ones based on their full understanding of their own objective conditions and comprehensive assessment. Learning content, and self-assessment of learning outcomes. It not only seeks to make some students stand out, but also strive to make some temporary students have the opportunity to get more targeted help and guidance.