转基因动物技术始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,近 3 0年来 ,随着研究的深入 ,转基因动物的制作技术得到了突破性的发展。最初的原核注射法是应用最普遍、最可靠、效果最稳定的一种方法。但该方法存在价格昂贵 ,整合率低及不能定点整合的问题 ,所以近几年来转基因动物技术已出现了胚胎干细胞法 ,精子载体法 ,体细胞核移植法和人工酵母染色体法等一系列新方法。随着这些技术的不断发展 ,转基因动物技术应用正以其突出的优越性指导着多个领域的工作。目前 ,它的应用已渗透到基础理论、疾病动物模型、人异种器官移植、制药、畜牧兽医等领域。转基因动物应用正走向产业化的道路 ,具有十分广阔的前景。但作为一个新兴的技术 ,转基因动物研究还面临着一些急需解决的问题 The technology of transgenic animals began in the 1980s. In the recent 30 years, with the deepening of research, the production technology of transgenic animals has undergone a breakthrough. The original prokaryotic injection method is the most common application, the most reliable and most stable method. However, this method has some problems such as high cost, low integration rate and non-integration. Therefore, a series of new methods such as embryonic stem cell method, sperm vector method, somatic cell nuclear transfer method and artificial yeast chromosome method have emerged in recent years. With the continuous development of these technologies, the application of transgenic animal technology is guiding the work in many fields with its outstanding advantages. At present, its application has infiltrated the basic theory, disease animal model, human xenotransplantation, pharmaceuticals, animal husbandry and veterinarians and other fields. The application of transgenic animals is moving toward industrialization, with a very broad prospect. However, as a new technology, transgenic animal research still faces some urgent problems to be solved