目的了解深圳市居民高温热浪期间所采取的适应行为现状,分析适应行为与中暑之间的关系。方法2014年11月,采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取深圳市623名居民进行入户面对面的问卷调查,了解一般人口学特征、对热浪的认知、热浪期间的自发性适应行为及过去1年是否发生过中暑。采用χ~2检验对各组率进行比较,采用非条件logistic回归分析适应行为与中暑关系。结果深圳市居民对热浪知晓率为69.5%,居民风险评估平均得分为(3.53±1.05)分;热浪期间,有621人采取至少1项适应行为,其中“多喝水”这一行为使用率最高(93.1%);logistic回归分析显示,热浪期间“外出乘坐空调车”、“多喝水”、“穿浅色衣服”和“减少户外活动”为居民发生中暑的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论深圳市居民对热浪知晓率较高,且绝大多数居民在热浪期间采取了适应行为,部分适应行为对防止发生中暑能起到一定作用。 Objective To understand the status quo of adaptive behavior adopted by Shenzhen residents during high temperature and heat wave and to analyze the relationship between adaptive behavior and heat stroke. Methods In November 2014, stratified random sampling method was used to select 623 residents in Shenzhen for face-to-face questionnaire survey to understand general demographic characteristics, cognition of heat waves, spontaneous adaptation behavior during heat waves, Has a heat stroke occurred? The χ ~ 2 test was used to compare the rates of each group. The non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between adaptation and heat stroke. Results The residents ’awareness rate of heatwaves was 69.5% and residents’ risk assessment average score was (3.53 ± 1.05) points. During the heatwave, 621 people took at least 1 adaptive behavior, of which “drink more water” was used Logistic regression analysis showed that during the heat waves, residents “took out the air-conditioned car”, “drink plenty of water”, “wear light-colored clothes” and “reduce outdoor activities” Heat stroke protection factors (P <0.05). Conclusion Shenzhen residents have a higher awareness rate of heatwaves and the majority of residents have adopted adaptive behaviors during the heatwave. Part of the adaptive behavior may play a role in preventing heat stroke.