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【目的】观察后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰段椎体单节段爆裂性骨折的疗效。【方法】选择本院于2011年1月至2014年3月收治的胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折40例作为研究对象,按照配对分组法分为两组,每组20例,对照组采取跨伤椎短节段椎弓根内固定术治疗,观察组采取后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定治疗,比较两组患者术中情况及疗效。【结果】观察组手术时间及术中出血量分别为(321.5±42.6)min、(436.9±54.2)mL,均多于对照组,且差异具有显著性(P 0.05)；治疗12个月后观察组伤椎前缘高度比、Cobb 角及椎管侵占率均低于对照组,且差异具有显著性(P 0.05)。两组患者均未发生内固定失败、也未出现神经损伤病例。【结论】后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰段椎体单节段爆裂性骨折疗效较佳,但手术时间较长,可有效恢复椎体高度,改善椎管侵占率,具有临床使用价值。“,”Objective]To observe the curative effect of short pedicle screw segment with bone graft through unilateral pedicle channel and pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures by posterior op-eration.[Methods]Forty cases of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated in our hospital from Jan-uary 201 1 to March 2014 were selected as the research objects.All met with the diagnosis standard of thoraco-lumbar vertebral burst fracture and patients combined with nerve injury were excluded.According to paired grouping method,they were divided into two groups with 20 cases in each group.The control group adopted across the injured vertebra short segment pedicle screw internal fixation treatment while the observation group adopted posterior vertebral unilateral pedicle channel bone apposition nail short segment fixation for the treat-ment.The operation condition and curative effect were compared between the two groups.[Results]The opera-tion time (321.5±42.6 min)and the amount of bleeding (436.9±54.2 mL)of the observation group were sig-nificantly higher than those in the control group (P 0.05).Twelve months of treatment later,the anterior vertebral height ratio,Cobb angle and occupation rate of spinal canal in the ob-servation group were lower than those in the control group (P 0.05).There were no cases of internal fixation failure in the two groups,and there was no patients with nerve injury.[Conclusion]Short pedicle screw segment with bone graft through unilateral pedicle channel and pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures by posterior operation is of better effect,but the operation time is longer.The height of vertebral body can effectively recover and the occupation rate of spinal canal is improved,which is of important clinical value.