1874年面对日本日益膨胀的扩张野心,晚清政府提出了“练兵”、“简器”、“造船”等海防措施,并由此开始了海防大筹议。之后,在李鸿章为代表的海防派的极力倡导下,清廷将海防作为与塞防并重的国家防御的另一重要方向,并决定建立北洋、南洋、粤洋三支水师。但由于在统一指挥、造买船经费不 Faced with Japan’s expanding ambitions of expansion in 1874, the government of the late Qing dynasty put forward such coastal defense measures as “training soldiers,” “simple device,” and “shipbuilding.” Later, under the vigorous advocacy of the Haifang faction represented by Li Hung-chang, the Qing court took the defense of Haiphong as another important direction for the defense of the country with both preemption and prevention. It also decided to establish three navies of the Northern Ocean, Nanyang and Yueyang. However, due to the unified command, make the purchase of funds not