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以宁夏引黄灌区为例,探索猪粪还田条件下冬小麦田土壤硝态氮淋失规律.试验设置3个处理:常规施化肥225 kg N·hm-2(CK)、常规施肥基础上施用4500 kg·hm-2(T1)和9000 kg·hm-2(T2)猪粪.利用树脂芯法吸附30、60和90 cm土层的硝态氮淋失量.结果表明:在常规施肥基础上增施猪粪,小麦生育期土壤硝态氮(纯N)淋失量为9.33~14.04kg·hm-2,占施N量的4.2%~6.2%.与CK相比,30 cm土层T1、T2的硝态氮淋失量增加2.6%和2.1%;60 cm土层增加1.5%和减少1.3%;90 cm土层减少8.7%和增加4.0%.增施猪粪与对照在30、60和90 cm土层处的硝态氮淋失量均无显著差异,而在深层土壤表现出减少趋势.硝态氮淋失主要发生在返青至灌浆期间,日均淋失量高于全生育期平均水平,该阶段的硝态氮淋失量占生育期内总淋失量的58.7%~75.3%.T1、T2春小麦产量比对照分别增加9.3%和12.5%.
Taking Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area as an example, the leaching of nitrate nitrogen in winter wheat field under pig manure-returning condition was explored.The experiment was to set up three treatments: 225 kg N · hm-2 (CK) 4500 kg · hm-2 (T1) and 9000 kg · hm-2 (T2) pig manure respectively.The leaching amount of NO3 (superscript +) in soil layers 30, 60 and 90 cm by resin core method was studied.The results showed that: Compared with CK, the 30 cm soil layer was significantly affected by pig manure supplementation, soil nitrate nitrogen (pure N) leaching loss during the growing period of wheat was 9.33-14.04 kg · hm-2, accounting for 4.2-6.2% T1 and T2 nitrate leaching loss increased by 2.6% and 2.1%, 60 cm soil layer increased by 1.5% and decreased by 1.3%, 90 cm soil layer decreased by 8.7% and increased by 4.0% There was no significant difference in leaching amount of nitrate nitrogen at 60 and 90 cm soil layers but a decreasing tendency in deep soil.The leaching of nitrate nitrogen occurred mainly during greening to filling and the average daily leaching loss was higher than that of total fertility The average amount of nitrate leaching during this period accounted for 58.7% -75.3% of the total leaching during the growth period, and the yields of T1 and T2 spring wheat increased by 9.3% and 12.5% respectively compared with the control.