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利用北方薯区当前生产上广泛种植的甘薯新品种,在黄河三角洲盐碱地上开展种植试验,以期选育耐盐甘薯品种。对每个测试品种的重要农艺性状及盐离子含量进行分析。结果表明不同甘薯品种的耐盐性存在差异。除叶片数、分枝数、分枝长度无显著性差异外,其他农艺性状如总鲜重、鲜薯产量、薯块干率、薯干产量、薯块数等都在不同品种中达到显著水平,建议耐盐性的评价指标应以鲜薯和薯干产量为主。对甘薯新生叶片、成熟叶片、须根、块根等不同器官进行Cl-、Ca2+、Na+和K+的含量分析,结果表明不同品种其不同器官中各种盐离子含量差异显著,暗示不同基因型耐盐机制存在差异。基于对鲜薯和薯干产量的比较,筛选出耐盐碱的品种,主要有‘泰中9号’、‘苏薯7号’、‘龙薯1号’、‘徐薯18’等。同时,对甘薯种植前后的土壤总盐分和营养成分的分析显示:甘薯收获后,土壤中的含盐量显著降低。本研究为沿海滩涂培育和种植耐盐碱甘薯新品种进行了有益的尝试,同时也为盐碱地改良和生物质能原材料种植提供了思路。
Utilizing the new varieties of sweet potato widely planted in the current production of the northern potato area, planting experiments were carried out on the saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta in order to breed salt-tolerant sweet potato varieties. Important agronomic traits and salt ion content were analyzed for each test variety. The results showed that different sweet potato varieties have different salt tolerance. Except leaf number, branch number and branch length, there was no significant difference in other agronomic traits, such as total fresh weight, fresh potato yield, dry tuberous tuber yield, dry potato yield, tuber number, etc. reached significant levels in different varieties , It is suggested that the evaluation index of salt tolerance should be based on fresh potato and dried potato production. The contents of Cl-, Ca2 +, Na + and K + in different organs such as fresh leaves, mature leaves, fibrous roots and roots of sweet potato were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the content of various kinds of salt ions in different organs of different varieties, suggesting that the salt tolerance mechanism of different genotypes has a difference. Based on the comparison of the fresh and dried potato yields, salt-tolerant varieties were screened, mainly including ’Taizhong 9’, ’Sushu 7’, ’Longshu 1’ and ’Xushu 18’. At the same time, the analysis of total soil salinity and nutrients before and after sweet potato planting showed that the salinity of soil was significantly reduced after sweet potato harvest. This study is a beneficial attempt to cultivate and plant new salt-tolerant sweet potato varieties along coastal tidal flats, and also provides ideas for the improvement of saline-alkali land and the cultivation of biomass energy raw materials.