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本文从一个新角度，从历史的深层的意义探索了共和国文学五十年的得失与规律性的东西。文章以“人学”作为线索，认为由五四运动所萌发的“人的文学”意识在其发展过程中分离的三条渠道流动着：即文学中的人性和人道意识，阶级的意识和民族的意识，而这三种意识原本是相通互补的，可是在特定历史背景下，阶级斗争意识遮蔽了其他。文章不同意“文革”前十七年文学中没有人学意识的提法，认为在十七年文学中也有一条或隐或现的人学脉流；对新时期文学，文章认为它经历了三次人的发现，而不是通常所说的一次：第一次是人的尊严和价值的觉醒，第二次是对国民性、民族性和人自身的审视，第三次则是面对市场经济冲击下的人生存价值的失落与寻求。客体的祥和的文化生态环境，主体的充沛的人文意识，这两者对发展文学缺一不可。
From a new perspective, this article explores the pros and cons of fifty years of Republican literature from the deep historical significance. Taking “Humanities” as a clue, the article thinks that the three channels of “human literature” that are sprouted by the May Fourth Movement are separated in its development process: humanity and humanity awareness in literature, class consciousness and ethnic However, these three kinds of consciousness are originally interlinked and complementary, but in the specific historical background, the consciousness of class struggle obscures the others. The article does not agree with the first seventeen years before the “Cultural Revolution” in literature without humanistic reference, that in 17 years of literature also has a hidden or current human flow; for the new period literature, the article that it has gone through three times Human discovery, rather than the usual one: the first is the awakening of human dignity and value, the second is the examination of nationality, nationality and people themselves, the third is the face of market economy shocks Under the loss of life value and seeking. The harmonious cultural environment of the object and the abundant humanistic awareness of the subject are both indispensable to the development of literature.