HIV-Tat蛋白是由HIV-1病毒感染细胞后分泌的反式转录激活因子,在HIV感染神经损害中发挥重要作用,是引起艾滋病相关脑病的重要致病因子。自噬即自我吞噬,主要作用是供给机体营养,但异常自噬则引起细胞死亡。HIV-Tat蛋白可以诱导神经细胞自噬,从而使细胞死亡,但引起自噬的机制及信号转导通路不清楚。本文主要从HIV-Tat蛋白诱导神经细胞自噬的机制、信号转导通路等方面进行综述,旨在为进一步研究HIV-Tat蛋白与细胞自噬的关系及寻找新的治疗药物靶点提供参考。 HIV-Tat protein is a trans-transcriptional activator secreted by HIV-1 virus and plays an important role in HIV-induced neurological damage. It is an important causative agent of AIDS-related encephalopathy. Autophagy is self-phagocytosis, the main role is to supply the body’s nutrition, but abnormal autophagy causes cell death. HIV-Tat protein can induce autophagy in nerve cells, so that the cells die, but the mechanism of autophagy and signal transduction pathway is not clear. In this review, the mechanisms of HIV-Tat protein-induced autophagy in nerve cells and the signal transduction pathways are reviewed in this paper. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for further research on the relationship between HIV-Tat protein and cell autophagy and the search for new therapeutic targets.