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目的获得我国居民膳食有机锡污染的基础数据,为开展有机锡风险分析提供初步的暴露评估结果。方法采用建立的气相色谱一脉冲火焰光度检测器方法测定了2000年中国总膳食研究的4个大区12类48份混合样品,根据样品中有机锡总量和丁基锡含量以及食物消费量,计算获得我国居民膳食有机锡的暴露量,并对部分典型的阳性样品进行污染溯源分析。结果 12类48份混合样品中,水果、糖、酒类未检出有机锡,其他类食物样品仅是个别检出。南方一区多个样品中检出二甲基锡,含量为1.5～4.1 μg/kg,南方一区水产品检出丁基锡,其中三丁基锡0.9μg/kg,二丁基锡1.1μg/kg,一丁基锡1.4μg/kg。我国居民膳食三丁基锡的暴露下限和暴露上限分别为0.003μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)与0.006 μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),分别占 WHO 推荐三丁基锡每日允许摄入量(ADI)的2.5%和5.0%;丁基锡暴露下限和暴露上限分别0.004μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)与0.019μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),占 WHO 推荐三丁基锡 ADI 的3.5%和15.8%。南方一区水产样品的溯源分析显示,福建省和上海市水产样品为有机锡污染的主要来源,带鱼和小黄鱼为有机锡污染较为严重的样品,上海市水产样品检出含量较高的二甲基锡。结论我国居民有机锡膳食暴露水平较低,有机锡污染来源有待于进一步研究。
OBJECTIVE To obtain the basic data of dietary organotin pollution in China and to provide initial exposure assessment results for organotin risk analysis. Methods A total of 48 samples of 12 categories and 12 samples from four regions in China’s total diet study in 2000 were determined by gas chromatograph-pulse flame photometric detector. According to the total organotin content and butyltin content in the sample and the food consumption, Our country residents dietary organotin exposure, and some typical positive samples for pollution traceability analysis. Results There were no organotin in fruits, sugars and liquors in 48 samples of 12 categories. Other samples were only detected individually. In the southern area of a number of samples were detected in dimethyl tin, the content of 1.5 ~ 4.1 μg / kg, the southern region of the aquatic products detected butyl tin, including tributyltin 0.9μg / kg, dibutyltin 1.1μg / kg, monobutyltin 1.4 μg / kg. The lower limit of exposure and upper limit of exposure to dietary tributyltin in our country were 0.003 μg · kg -1 · d -1 and 0.006 μg · kg -1 · d -1, The recommended daily allowable intake of tributyltin (ADI) was 2.5% and 5.0% respectively. The lower limit of exposure and upper limit of exposure to butyltin were 0.004μg · kg -1 · d -1 and 0.019μg · kg - 1) · d ~ (-1), accounting for 3.5% and 15.8% of the ADI recommended by the WHO. The traceability analysis of aquatic samples in the first area of the South China showed that the aquatic samples in Fujian and Shanghai were the main sources of organotin pollution, while the octopus and small yellow croaker were more seriously contaminated by organotin. The samples with higher contents of dimethyl tin. Conclusion The residents of our country have low levels of organotin dietary exposure and the sources of organic tin need to be further studied.