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2000年第五次全国人口普查表明,我国城镇人口为45,594万人,占总人口的36.09%,2004年底这个数字已经达到近42%;到201 0年,城镇人口将达6.3亿左右,城市化水平将超过45%;到2020年我国城市化发展水平将达58%左右,基本相当于世界城市化发展的平均水平。而根据现代化的标准,城市人口至少要达到60%,才称得上是现代化国家。城市化是一个全球性的社会经济转型现象,是经济发展进程中必然面临的重大问题之一。城市化程度也是一个国家经济发达程度,特别是工业化水平高低的一个重要标志。我国已将“城市化战略”列入发展规划,作为21世纪中国实施迈向现代化第三步走的重大措施之一。毋庸置疑,城市在社会经济发展中的作用非常巨大,但在城市化进程中也出现了很多问题。交通拥堵、环境恶化等城市生态难题随之而来。在经济与环境这个天平上,如何平衡两者的关系正成为决策者们面临的难题。而如今,当人们习惯了被废水、废气、噪声等污染因素充斥着的生活的同时,一个新的环境污染源已悄悄降临,这就是色彩污染。
The fifth national census in 2000 showed that China’s urban population is 457.94 million, accounting for 36.09% of the total population. By the end of 2004, this figure has reached nearly 42%; by 2030, the urban population will reach about 630 million, and urbanization. The level will exceed 45%; by 2020, the level of urbanization in China will reach about 58%, which is basically equal to the average level of urbanization in the world. According to modern standards, the urban population must be at least 60% before it can be regarded as a modern country. Urbanization is a global phenomenon of social and economic transformation and one of the major issues that will inevitably face in the course of economic development. The degree of urbanization is also an important indicator of the degree of economic development of a country, especially the level of industrialization. China has included “urbanization strategy” in its development plan as one of the major measures for China to implement the third step toward modernization in the 21st century. It goes without saying that the role of cities in social and economic development is very great, but there are also many problems in the process of urbanization. Urban ecological problems such as traffic congestion and environmental deterioration have followed. On the balance of economy and the environment, how to balance the relationship between the two is becoming a difficult problem for decision makers. Nowadays, when people are accustomed to the life that is filled with pollution factors such as waste water, exhaust gas, and noise, a new source of environmental pollution has come quietly. This is color pollution.