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重氮化合物是一类非常重要的有机合成中间体,它在有机合成化学以及药物设计研发、化学生物学、材料化学等领域具有重要的应用价值.传统的重氮化合物的转化反应类型包括了Wolff重排,经由过渡金属卡宾或者类卡宾中间体的插入反应,催化的环丙烷化反应,以及近年来发展的过渡金属催化的经由卡宾中间体的交叉偶联反应等.重氮化合物除了发生作为卡宾前体的经典反应之外,它们还可以经由氮基团保留的转化过程,在目标分子中保留重氮基团或者其它含氮原子的官能团.该种策略提供了一种高效而选择性地构筑含氮功能分子、尤其是官能化的氮杂环的合成途径.其中,不对称的C—N键的选择性构筑,以及不对称的氮杂环分子的组装,仍然具有重要的合成价值和重大的挑战意义.本篇综述根据反应的机理和类型,将这部分研究工作分为六部分内容进行介绍.
Diazo compounds are a very important class of organic synthesis intermediates and have important application value in organic synthesis chemistry and drug design and development, chemical biology, material chemistry, etc. The transformation reaction types of traditional diazo compounds include Wolff Rearrangement, intercalation reactions via a transition metal carbene or a carbene-like intermediate, catalytic cyclopropanation reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions via carbene intermediates which have been developed in recent years, etc. The diazonium compounds occur as carbenes In addition to the classical reactions of precursors, they can retain diazo groups or other nitrogen atom-containing functional groups in the target molecule via a conversion process that retains nitrogen groups. This strategy provides an efficient and selective construction Nitrogen-containing functional molecules, especially functionalized nitrogen heterocycles, among which the selective construction of asymmetric C-N bonds and the assembly of asymmetric azacyclic molecules still have important synthetic value and significant The significance of the challenge.This review based on the reaction mechanism and type, this part of the research is divided into six parts to introduce.