正常的老年改变——视乳头境界清,色泽正常,视网膜小动脉因管壁肌层纡维化,引起管腔狭窄及管壁透明度减低。由于小动脉长度的普遍缩短,致管径变直呈锐角分支。静脉管径也轻度缩小和色泽轻度丧失,动静脉的比例不变。视网膜色素上皮的色素颗粒普遍减少及脉络膜色素沉着的增加,致脉络膜血管暴露呈豹纹状眼底。 Normal changes in the elderly - the state of clear nipple, normal color, retinal artery due to the muscular pterygium, resulting in stenosis and tube wall transparency decreased. As a result of the general shortening of the arterioles, causing the diameter of the branch straight into the acute angle. Venous diameter is also slightly reduced and mild color loss, arteriovenous ratio unchanged. Retinal pigment epithelial pigment particles generally reduce and choroidal pigmentation increased, causing choroidal vascular exposure was leopard-like fundus.