目的探讨农村学生肺部体检情况及对肺部病变认知调查,寻找针对性的健康教育方式及有效的治疗措施。方法分析本院2012—2014年对7 468名农村学生肺部X线体检结果,探讨肺部疾病的情况,同时发放问卷调查其对肺部疾病的认知情况。结果 7 468人中,肺部病变137人,占1.83%,其中肺结核46人,占0.62%;支气管炎63例,占0.84%;肺炎23例,占0.31%;胸腔积液2例,占0.03%;肺大泡1例,占0.015%;气胸2例,占0.03%;发放问卷7468份,其中有吸烟史者349人,占4.67%(男324人,占4.34%;女35人,占0.33%)。对肺部疾病的发病原因及预防措施知晓者为3 362人,占45.02%。结论农村学生肺部病变具有较高发生率,并且具有较高的吸烟率,对肺部疾病的病因和预防措施的认知率较低,因此常规肺部X线检查可以早期发现病情,早期治疗,并且采取针对性的健康教育措施。 Objective To investigate the status of lung examination and cognition of pulmonary disease in rural students and to find out the appropriate health education methods and effective treatment measures. Methods The results of lung examination of 7 468 rural students from 2012 to 2014 in our hospital were analyzed to investigate the prevalence of pulmonary diseases. Meanwhile, questionnaires were used to investigate the prevalence of lung diseases. Results Of the 7 468 people, 137 were pulmonary lesions, accounting for 1.83%, of whom 46 were tuberculosis, accounting for 0.62%; 63 were bronchitis, accounting for 0.84%; 23 were pneumonia, accounting for 0.31%; 2 were pleural effusion, accounting for 0.03 %; Pulmonary bullae in 1 case, accounting for 0.015%; 2 cases of pneumothorax, accounting for 0.03%; issued questionnaire 7468, of which 349 were smoking history, accounting for 4.67% (male 324, accounting for 4.34%; female 35, accounting for 0.33%). The cause of lung disease and preventive measures are 3 362 people, accounting for 45.02%. Conclusion Rural students have a higher incidence of lung disease and higher smoking rates, and have a lower awareness of the etiology and precautionary measures of lung disease. Therefore, routine pulmonary X-ray examination can detect early disease and early treatment , And take targeted health education measures.