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本世纪以来,随着政府经济活动的扩展及宏观经济学、制度经济学等新兴学科的兴起,西方财政学已经发展成为西方公共经济学(或称公共部门经济学)。公共经济学除继续研究传统财政学的内容外,还研究公共部门存在的必要性、公共物品的提供、公私经济部门的协调等问题。概括地说,它是一门以市场缺陷和政府缺陷为理论前提,以公共物品(Public Goods)的需求与供给为核心内容,以就经济和政治论财政为基本特征的学科。其主要特点是把财政问题的研究与经济问题的研究结合起来,把财政问题的研究与政治问题的研究结合起来,把公共部门的研究与私人部门的研究结合起来。尽管说它已经成为一门完整、系统、成熟的学科尚为时过早,但是有些内容和方法值得我们借鉴。
Since the beginning of this century, with the expansion of the government’s economic activities and the emergence of new disciplines such as macroeconomics and institutional economics, Western public finance has become the western public economics (or public sector economics). In addition to continuing to study the content of traditional finance, public economics also studies the necessity of the existence of the public sector, the provision of public goods and the coordination of public-private economic sectors. In a nutshell, it is a subject with market defects and government defects as the theoretical premise and public goods (Public Goods) as the core content, with economic and political finance as the basic characteristics of the discipline. Its main features are the combination of the study of the fiscal issue and the study of the economic issue, the study of the fiscal issue and the study of the political issue, and the combination of the study of the public sector with that of the private sector. Although it is too early to say that it has become a complete, systematic and mature discipline, there are some things that we can learn from.