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本文试图探讨一种新的发展趋势,即以市场为基准展开的犯罪预防。保险公司是该种新型犯罪预防模式的代表机构。尽管保险的传统关注点在于犯罪或其他灾难发生后所遭受的损失,我们在此将揭示保险业从反应型犯罪管理模式向主动型管理模式的转变。该种趋势是更广义上的“去中心化警务”(decentralization of policing)的一部分,即警务从国家控制的管理机构向以社区和市场为基准的第三方的转移。新的意识形态支持这种转变,包括针对犯罪的保险统计理念的更新和对谨慎之人看法的转变。
This article attempts to explore a new trend of development, that is, market-based crime prevention. Insurance companies represent the new model of crime prevention. Although the traditional focus of insurance is on the damage suffered after criminality or other disasters, we will reveal here the shift in the insurance industry from reactive crime management to proactive management. This trend is more broadly part of “decentralization of policing”, the transfer of policing from state-controlled agencies to third-party communities and markets. The new ideology supports this shift, including the updating of the statistical concept of insurance against crime and the shift in the perception of cautious people.