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一、研究岩体初始应力场的意义和目的地下建筑及矿山工程常处于几十米、几百米,甚至上千米深的岩层中。岩体与其它建筑物或结构物不同的基本特点之一,就是岩体在其自重和地质构造因素作用下处于一定的应力状态。岩体的初始应力场(也称岩体一次应力场),是指没有开挖地下工程之前,岩体中各空间点的应力状态及分布规律,是客观存在于岩体之中的自然力场。从工程的实际使用年限相对来说,可以认为岩体的初始应力场是不随时间而变化的稳定应力场(只有极少数情况是例外的)。地下工程的开挖或采掘,在岩体中造成空场,打破了岩体的初始应力平衡状态,在
I. The significance of studying the initial stress field of rock masses and the construction of the destination and mine engineering are often in rock layers of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, and even a depth of 1000 meters. One of the basic characteristics of rock masses that differs from other structures or structures is that rock masses are in a state of stress under the influence of their own weight and geological structural factors. The initial stress field of the rock mass (also called the primary stress field of the rock mass) refers to the stress state and distribution law of each space point in the rock mass before the underground engineering is excavated, and is a natural force field objectively existing in the rock mass. From the actual life span of the project, it can be assumed that the initial stress field of the rock mass is a stable stress field that does not change with time (except for rare cases). The excavation or excavation of underground engineering causes an empty field in the rock mass and breaks the initial stress balance state of the rock mass.