从统一科学观的缺失到决定论原则的谬误再到价值中立观的玄想,文章系统评述了二战后日益流行的反实证主义思想各流派对实证主义社会学提出的责难。作者认为,实证主义与反实证主义社会学的对立突出表现在认识论和方法论方面,而这又根源于两派在本体论上的不同认识,从而在社会学中形成了两种风格迥异的研究范式,在特定的社会背景和研究要求下,它们都能产生出富有价值的成果。因此,在批判地借鉴西方社会学理论和方法时,我们不可轻易地偏执于其中任何一方。 From the defects of the unification of science concept to the fallacy of the determinism principle to the vision of value neutrality, the article reviews systematically the censure posed by positivist sociology among the schools of anti-positivism increasingly popular after World War II. The author believes that the confrontation between positivism and anti-positivist sociology is highlighted in the aspects of epistemology and methodology, which in turn is rooted in the different views of ontology between the two schools, thus forming two different paradigms of research in sociology They can produce valuable results with specific social backgrounds and research requirements. Therefore, we should not be easily biased in any one of them when critically borrowing Western sociological theories and methods.