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目的探讨大鼠吸入PFIB所致急性肺损伤的早期肺脏形态学改变的特点。方法 动态观察大鼠吸入PFIB后24 h、72 h时肺脏在光镜、电镜下的改变。结果在24 h点,肺脏表面充血、淤血明显,触感变硬;光镜(10×10)下可看到肺泡萎陷、水肿、出血、红细胞淤滞;透射电镜下看到Ⅰ、Ⅱ型上皮细胞内细胞器(板层体、线粒体、内质网)及细胞核均出现不同程度的损伤改变;在72 h点,肺表面淤血、肿胀减轻。光镜(10×10)下肺泡萎陷、水肿等较24 h点明显减轻;透射电镜下看到Ⅰ、Ⅱ型上皮细胞内细胞器的损伤程度减轻。结论 在急性肺损伤早期,肺内炎性细胞(中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞)聚集,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型上皮细胞内重要细胞器发生损伤性改变。在肺内存在微循环紊乱。在72 h点巨噬细胞比例明显增加,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞损伤出现恢复迹象。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological changes of early lung in rats with PFIB-induced acute lung injury. Methods The changes of lungs under light and electron microscope were observed dynamically at 24 h and 72 h after PFIB inhalation. Results At 24 h, the surface of the lung was hyperemic and the congestion was obvious and the touch became harder. Alveolar collapse, edema, hemorrhage and erythrocyte stasis were observed under light microscope (10 × 10). Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ epithelial cells were seen under transmission electron microscope Within the organelles (lamellar body, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) and the nucleus showed varying degrees of injury changes; at 72 h, the surface of the lung congestion, swelling reduced. Light albuginea (10 × 10) alveolar collapse, edema significantly reduced than the 24 h point; under transmission electron microscopy I, Ⅱ type epithelial cells organelles to reduce the degree of injury. Conclusion In the early stage of acute lung injury, intra-lung inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) accumulate and some important organelles in type I and II epithelial cells undergo damaging changes. Microcirculation disorder exists in the lungs. The percentage of macrophages increased significantly at 72 h, and signs of recovery of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells appeared.