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目的了解2010-2014年莒南县狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及处置状况,为制定狂犬病防治对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法和SPSS 18.0软件对监测数据进行分析。结果 2010-2014年莒南县共报告56 120例狂犬病暴露者,暴露率为112.24/万;男性多于女性;以15岁以下人群为主,占29.85%;46.96%为农民,其次为学生和民工,分别占17.96%和12.25%;狂犬病暴露高峰时点在7月28日,高峰期在4月9日-11月15日(r=0.1699,P<0.05;ā=206.34,s=107.88);以Ⅲ级暴露为主,占98.19%;致伤部位以四肢为主,占90.81%;致伤动物以犬类为主,占86.35%;暴露后24小时内就诊率为71.30%,门诊伤口处理率为74.45%;就诊者狂犬病疫苗全程接种率为90.91%;被动免疫制剂适用人群中抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率为6.3%。结论莒南县狂犬病防控重点为农民、学生和民工,应加强防病知识宣传,提高狂犬病暴露后就诊意识,规范暴露后处置,提高狂犬病被动免疫制剂使用率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and treatment of rabies exposed in Junan County from 2010 to 2014 and provide evidence for the development of rabies prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and SPSS 18.0 software were used to analyze the monitoring data. Results In 2010-2014, a total of 56 120 rabies exposure cases were reported in Taonan County, with an exposure rate of 112.24 / million; more males than females; mainly under 15 years of age, accounting for 29.85%; 46.96% were peasants, followed by students and Laborers, accounting for 17.96% and 12.25% respectively; rabies exposure peaked on July 28 and peaked on April 9 to November 15 (r = 0.1699, P <0.05; ā = 206.34, s = 107.88) ; Accounted for 98.19% with grade Ⅲ exposure; the injured parts were mainly limbs, accounting for 90.81%; mainly animals were dogs, accounting for 86.35%; the visiting rate within 24 hours after exposure was 71.30% The treatment rate was 74.45%. The whole vaccination rate of rabies vaccine in clinic was 90.91%. The anti-rabies immunoglobulin use rate in the population of passive immunization was 6.3%. Conclusions Juanyang County rabies prevention and control focus on farmers, students and migrant workers should strengthen awareness of disease prevention knowledge, to improve awareness of rabies exposure after treatment, regulate post-exposure disposal, and improve rabies passive immunization dosage.