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目的了解青海省藏族中学生对艾滋病防治知识的认知情况,为少数民族地区开展艾滋病防治知识教育提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取民族初高中学校各2所,共发放调查问卷388份。结果艾滋病防治知识总体知晓率为49.4%,男女间艾滋病知识得分无统计学意义(P=0.076)。有89.0%的初中生和97.9%的高中生听说过艾滋病。知道婚外性行为、公用剃须刀、母婴途径传染艾滋病的初中生认知率分别为38.0%、15.0%、51.0%,高中生认知率分别为60.6%、18.1%、59.6%。知道蚊虫叮咬、共餐、正常交往不会传染艾滋病的初中生的认知率分别为20.0%、26.0%、34.0%,高中生的认知率分别为71.3%、33.0%、26.6%。低年龄组艾滋病防治知识知晓率明显低于高年龄组(P<0.05)。结论该地区藏族中学生总体艾滋病防治知识的知晓率较低;在传播途径及对待艾滋病患者/感染者的态度方面存在一定的认识误区,应在初高中阶段加强有关艾滋病防治知识的宣传和教育。
Objective To understand the knowledge of AIDS prevention and control among Tibetans in Qinghai Province and to provide a scientific basis for the education of HIV / AIDS prevention knowledge in ethnic minority areas. Methods Random cluster sampling method was used to extract 2 junior high schools each, and 388 questionnaires were distributed. Results The overall awareness rate of HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment was 49.4%. There was no significant difference in AIDS knowledge between men and women (P = 0.076). 89.0% of junior high school students and 97.9% of high school students have heard of AIDS. The cognitive rate of junior high school students who knew that they had extramarital sex, common razor and HIV / AIDS were 38.0%, 15.0% and 51.0%, respectively. The recognition rates of high school students were 60.6%, 18.1% and 59.6% respectively. The awareness rate of junior high school students who knew mosquito bites, meals, and normal contact with HIV / AIDS was 20.0%, 26.0% and 34.0% respectively, and that of high school students was 71.3%, 33.0% and 26.6% respectively. The awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control in the lower age group was significantly lower than that in the high age group (P <0.05). Conclusion There is a low level of awareness about the overall HIV / AIDS prevention and control knowledge among Tibetan middle school students in the region. There are some misunderstandings about the route of transmission and the attitude towards HIV / AIDS patients. Propaganda and education on HIV / AIDS prevention and control knowledge should be strengthened at the junior high school stage.