研究性学习活动的内容可立足于教材,有时又高于教材,跳出教材。问题设计要符合基础性、多样性、层次性、开放性的原则,着眼于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。根据学生认知形成和发展规律,可以把研究性活动分为形成性研究、建构性研究、应用性研究等方式、方法。在一种研究活动中,可能用到一种或几种研究活动的方法。 The content of research-based learning activities can be based on textbooks, and sometimes higher than textbooks, jumped out of teaching materials. The design of the problem should be based on the principles of basicity, diversity, hierarchy and openness, with a view to cultivating students’ innovative spirit and practical ability. According to the formation and development of students’ cognition, research activities can be divided into formative research, constructive research, applied research and other methods and methods. In a research activity, one or more methods may be used to study the activity.