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目的了解农牧区哈萨克族老年人生命质量(QOL)与社会支持和家庭婚姻状况的关系。方法 2013年1月—2014年1月首先采用典型抽样法确定同时具备农牧区特点和哈萨克族集聚地的伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县哈拉布拉乡为调研地区,然后采用随机整群抽样法确定哈拉布拉乡的哈拉布拉村、洪土拜村、吉也克村和阿克托干村4个村作为调查村,从中选取符合纳入与排除标准的老年人368例为调查对象。2013年7月12—19日,采用一般情况调查表、QOL量表(SF-8量表)和社会支持量表进行入户面对面询问调查获取定量资料。2014年1月3—9日,根据访谈提纲,对在QOL总评维度得分中位得分以上、以下各选取4例老年人和研究设计中专家推荐的2例医疗保险和养老保障相关负责人进行访谈获取定性资料。结果共发放调查问卷368份,回收有效问卷368份,有效回收率为100.0%。QOL各维度得分与社会支持各维度得分和社会支持总分均呈正相关(P<0.05)。不同婚姻状况、居住方式老年人生理健康总评(PCS)维度、心理健康总评(MCS)维度、QOL总评维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同子女数量、子女回家频率、子女经济支持情况老年人PCS维度、MCS维度、QOL总评维度得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。访谈发现,伊斯兰文化、社交网络、新型农村合作医疗制度、新型农村社会养老保险制度等对老年人QOL有正向影响。结论在地区经济水平整体提高、广覆盖的社会养老制度和新型农村合作医疗制度以及国家定居点建设等提供大环境的社会支持的背景下,受民族个性、传统文化和宗教信仰等影响建立的稳定广泛的社交支持网络和和睦友爱的家庭婚姻关系,均很好地促进了农牧区哈萨克族老年人QOL的提高。
Objective To understand the relationship between quality of life (QOL), social support and family marital status of Kazak elderly in rural and pastoral areas. Methods From January 2013 to January 2014, a typical sampling method was used to determine the location of Harabula Township in Xinyuan County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, which possesses the characteristics of farming and pastoral areas and Kazakh agglomeration. The random sampling method The village of Halabula, Haitoubai, Jiyeke and Akto dry villages in Halabula township was selected as the survey village, and 368 senile people who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as the survey subjects . On July 12-19, 2013, a questionnaire survey of general situation, QOL scale (SF-8 scale) and social support scale were used to conduct face-to-face interviews with households to obtain quantitative data. From January 3 to January 9, 2014, according to the interview outline, we interviewed two persons in charge of medical insurance and endowment insurance which were recommended by 4 elderly persons and experts in research design. Get qualitative information. Results A total of 368 questionnaires were sent out, 368 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100.0%. The scores of all dimensions of QOL were positively correlated with the scores of all dimensions of social support and social support (P <0.05). (P <0.05). The number of different children, the frequency of their children’s return to home, the number of children returning to their homes, There was no significant difference in the PCS dimension, MCS dimension and QOL dimension score between the elderly and their children in economic support (P> 0.05). Interviews found that Islamic culture, social networks, the new rural cooperative medical system, the new rural social pension insurance system on the QOL of the elderly have a positive impact. Conclusions Under the background of the overall improvement of the regional economic level, the extensive social pension system, the new rural cooperative medical system and the provision of social support for the large-scale environment such as the construction of national settlements, the stability established by the influence of national personality, traditional culture and religious beliefs A wide range of social support networks and harmony and fraternity of family marriage have all contributed to the improvement of the QOL of Kazak elderly in rural areas.