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目的分析我市尘肺病发病特点,为尘肺病的防治和预防提供科学依据。方法以2006～2010年诊断和报告的尘肺病新病例为对象,分析尘肺患者的性别、年龄、病种、工种、发病工龄、发病年龄和所在工业系统分布等。结果 2006～2010年尘肺新发病例101例,5年间呈逐年增加的趋势;尘肺Ⅰ期64例(占63.37%),尘肺Ⅱ期28例(占27.72%),尘肺Ⅲ期9例(占8.91%)。矽肺和煤工尘肺是主要的尘肺病,分别占总例数的71.29%和26.73%;尘肺病主要发生在煤炭和建材行业,工种以主掘进、采煤工、石工及破碎工为主;平均发病年龄为49.47岁,平均发病工龄为12.80年,其中煤炭和建材行业尘肺的平均发病工龄分别为16.32年和9.31年,经统计学检验,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论我市尘肺病防治工作形势严峻,必须严格遵循三级预防的原则,进一步加强对重点行业、重点工种职业人群的健康监护工作,从而遏制尘肺病例的上升趋势。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of pneumoconiosis in our city and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods According to the new cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed and reported from 2006 to 2010, the gender, age, disease type, type of work, age of onset, age of onset and the distribution of industrial system were analyzed. Results There were 101 new cases of pneumoconiosis between 2006 and 2010, showing a trend of increasing year by year; 64 cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis (63.37%), 28 cases of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis (27.72%), 9 cases of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ %). Pneumoconiosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis were the main pneumoconiosis patients, accounting for 71.29% and 26.73% of the total respectively. Pneumoconiosis mainly occurred in the coal and building materials industries. The main types of workers were main tunneling, coal mining, masonry and crusher; the average The average age of onset of pneumoconiosis in coal and building materials industry was 16.32 years and 9.13 years respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two (P <0.01). Conclusion The situation of pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment in our city is grim. We must strictly abide by the principle of tertiary prevention and further strengthen the health guardianship of occupational groups in key industries and key occupations so as to curb the upward trend of pneumoconiosis cases.