近年来中国经济的蓬勃发展一直牵动着外国学者，尤其是邻国学者的关注。日本久留来大学木下悦二教授在此文中试图用马克思提出的“市民社会”概念来描述和分析中国现阶段的社会主义市场经济建设。他据此指出，中国改革的目标并非仅仅是经济增长，而是要在全方位实现社会变革。他称赞中国的社会主义市场经济建设是人类社会发展史上一个极为重要的实验。这些观点都是值得我们注意和思考的。需要指出的是，木下悦二教授对“市民社会”概念的理解与中国学者的认识并不完全一致。我们相信读者们自会本着学术讨论的态度对此做出明辨 The vigorous development of China’s economy in recent years has drawn the attention of foreign scholars, especially those in neighboring countries. In this article, Professor Kinoshita Kinoshita of Kurume University of Japan tried to use the concept of “civil society” proposed by Marx to describe and analyze the current socialist market economy in China. He pointed out accordingly that the goal of China’s reform is not merely economic growth but the realization of social change in all aspects. He praised China’s socialist market economy as an extremely important experiment in the history of human development. These ideas are worth our attention and thinking. What needs to be pointed out is that the understanding of the concept of “civil society” by Professor Kinoshita is not exactly the same as that of Chinese scholars. We believe that readers will be in a scholarly attitude to make this distinction