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19世纪以后,法学上的个人主义开始借助于一种以“自由意志”为核心的更为抽象的概念系统加以表达——这就是贯穿民法始终的“意思”理论。这一切主要得益于18世纪康德的伦理哲学对法学的影响。在诸多反映近代民法的个人主义特征的理论范畴中,权利理论是又一突出的体现了康德哲学对近代民法学之影响的领域。康德的伦理哲学对近代民法理论的影响不仅限于德国,其学说还影响到了19世纪法国的民法学理论。
After the 19th century, the individualism in jurisprudence began to be expressed by means of a more abstract conceptual system centered on “free will ” - this is the “” meaning theory that runs through civil law. All this is mainly due to the influence of Kant’s ethical philosophy on jurisprudence in the 18th century. Among many theoretical categories that reflect the individualistic features of modern civil law, the theory of rights is yet another prominent field that reflects the influence of Kant’s philosophy on modern civil law. The influence of Kant’s ethical philosophy on modern civil law theory is not limited to Germany. His theory also affects the nineteenth-century French civil law theory.