程序性细胞死亡又称为细胞凋亡，是受细胞外微环境和细胞内基因调控的一种细胞主动自杀性死亡方式。应激包括细胞受物理、化学以及机械因素刺激。许多处于应激状态下的细胞可发生凋亡， 本文着重就氧化应激和自由基、热休克、缺血和缺氧等因素诱导细胞凋亡及其机制进行综述 Programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, is a form of cell suicidal death that is regulated by the extracellular microenvironment and intracellular genes. Stress, including cells, is stimulated by physical, chemical, and mechanical factors. Many of the cells under stress can undergo apoptosis. This article reviews the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and free radicals, heat shock, ischemia and hypoxia