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研究了西双版纳热带季节雨林恢复过程中野芭蕉群落的土壤养分动态。该群落的发展可分为3个阶段:野芭蕉的入侵→定居→扩散。随着群落演替进程,土壤的养分含量呈下降趋势:土壤有机质(O.M)、氮(N)、磷(P)全量以入侵期最高,分别为(上层)5.879%、0.333%和0.063 2%;定居期居中,分别为(上层)4.794%、0.288%和0.061%;扩散期最低,分别为(上层)3.54%、0.240%和0.044 8%;并随土壤深度含量渐减。钾(K)全量以定居期最高(1.516%)。土壤养分全含量的变化幅度是扩散期>入侵期>定居期。土壤有效性养分含量除磷以外,总体上都比较丰富,且随着演替过程呈现逐渐减少的趋势(镁除外):入侵期的表土层有效性的N、P、K分别为269.24、13.91和198.19 mg·kg-1;定居期为入侵期的104%、51%和66%,扩散期为定居期的73%、78%和96%。在各演替阶段中土壤养分全含量的季节变化都以表土层的变化最大,中下层变化不明显;其季节变化大小的顺序是:扩散期>入侵期>定居期;各养分元素季节变化幅度的顺序为P>K>O.M>N。土壤有效性养分含量的季节变化幅度大于养分的全含量,其变化幅度的顺序为K>P>Mg>Ca>N,其中以有效性N的含量最稳定。本研究研究结果显示出土壤养分的变化明显依赖于植被的变化。
The soil nutrient dynamics in the plantain of Banana inhabiting the tropical seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna was studied. The development of the community can be divided into three stages: the invasion of wild banana → settlement → proliferation. With the process of community succession, the nutrient contents of soil showed a decreasing trend: the contents of soil organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) reached the highest during the invasion period, being 5.879%, 0.333% and 0.063 2% (Middle) were 4.794%, 0.288% and 0.061%, respectively. The spreading period was the lowest (3.54%, 0.240% and 0.044 8%, respectively) in the middle period and decreased with the soil depth. Potassium (K) was the highest in full-term residence (1.516%). The change of soil nutrient content is diffusion period> invasion period> settlement period. Soil available nutrient contents were generally abundant except for phosphorus, and showed a trend of decreasing gradually with the succession process (except for magnesium): N, P, K of effective topsoil during invasion were 269.24 and 13.91 and 198.19 mg · kg-1. The settlement period was 104%, 51% and 66% of the invasion period. The spreading period was 73%, 78% and 96% of the settlement period. In all successional stages, the seasonal variation of soil nutrient content was the largest in the topsoil, but the middle and lower layers did not change obviously. The order of the seasonal variation was: diffusion period> invasion period> settlement period; seasonal changes of nutrient elements The order is P> K> OM> N. The seasonal variation of soil available nutrient content was greater than the total content of nutrients, and the order of variation was K> P> Mg> Ca> N, and the content of soil available N was the most stable. The results of this study show that the changes of soil nutrients obviously depend on the changes of vegetation.