磷酯酶 A 广泛存在于许多动植物组织中,特别是动物毒素中,如蛇毒、蝎子毒、蜘蛛毒、黄蜂毒、胡蜂毒、蜜蜂毒……但不同来源的蜜蜂毒磷酯酶 A分子量平均为18500,含量也不相同。蛇毒中的磷酯酶 A 含量平均约1～2％,而蜜蜂毒磷酯酶 A 含量竟高达8～14％,平均12％。而它的活性远比蛇毒、黄蜂毒、胡蜂毒的高。蜜蜂毒的磷酯酶 A,由128个氨基酸残基组成,其中有8个半胱氨酸由4条二硫键相联,C 末端为酪氨酸,N 末端为异亮氨酸。磷酯酶 A 能使血中的卵磷酯水解,释放出一分子脂肪酸而成为溶血卵磷酯,从而使红细胞溶解,析出血红蛋白,产生溶血效应,故称“间接溶血毒”(多肽溶血毒 melittin 为直接溶血毒)。磷酯酶A 具有很复杂的药理学作用,它不仅作用于神经肌肉,而且对代谢、非偶联氧化磷酸化以及呼吸链都 Phosphatase A is widely found in many animal and plant tissues, especially animal toxins, such as snake venom, scorpion venom, spider venom, wasp venom, vespid venom, bee venom ... but the average molecular weight of different origins of venom phospholipase A 18500, the content is not the same. Phosphatase A content in snake venom averages about 1 ~ 2%, while the content of bee venom phospholipase A as high as 8 ~ 14%, an average of 12%. And its activity is far more than snake venom, wasp poison, bee venom high. The bee venom phospholipase A, which consists of 128 amino acid residues, of which 8 cysteines are linked by 4 disulfide bonds, C-terminal tyrosine and N-terminal isoleucine. Phosphatase A can make blood lecithin hydrolysis, release of a molecule of fatty acids and become lysolecithin, so that the red blood cells dissolved, hemoglobin precipitation, resulting in hemolysis effect, so called “indirect hemolytic virus” (peptide hemolytic melittin For direct hemolytic). Phosphatase A has a very complex pharmacological effect that acts not only on neuromuscular but also on metabolism, unconjugated oxidative phosphorylation, and respiratory chain