论文部分内容阅读
[目的]探讨抗旱杂交谷子在极干旱地区的节水效果。[方法]在2011～2013年,首先对200份谷子杂交组合进行抗旱鉴定筛选,然后将选育出的18份优势组合配合稀植铺膜栽培技术,只在播种前浇一次水(1 200 m3/hm2),整个生育期内不浇水。在谷子关键生长期测定0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100和100～120 cm的土壤含水量。在灌浆后期,每个重复选取8株长势一致植株,测定株高、穗长、分蘖数、穗粒重、株粒重、株草重和地上部分生物量,最后测定小区产量。[结果]在播前只浇一次水(1 200 m3/hm2)的情况下,18种杂交谷子表现出了较强的抗旱性,其中13DH2、13DH3、13DH8和13DH9 4个组合的产量高于3 000 kg/hm2。13DH2在播前只浇一次水(1 200 m3/hm2)的情况下,可以稳定生产6 000kg/hm2,平均每立方米水生产5千克粮食。应用该技术可以使灌溉旱作区耕地面积增加数倍。另外,1 200 m3/hm2水折合为120 mm降雨量,该技术可能同样在200 mm降水量旱作区可以适用。[结论]该技术可以应对极端气候发生,保护水资源,扩增全球粮食种植面积,并且保证粮食高产和稳产。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the water-saving effect of drought-resistant hybrid millet in the extremely arid area. [Method] From 2011 to 2013, 200 hybrid combinations of millet were selected for drought resistance screening. Then, 18 dominant combinations were combined with thin-planting techniques and only water (1 200 m3 / hm2), the entire growth period is not watering. The soil water content of 0 ~ 20, 20 ~ 40, 40 ~ 60, 60 ~ 80, 80 ~ 100 and 100 ~ 120 cm in the key growth phase of millet was determined. At the late filling stage, 8 plants with the same growing trend were selected for each repetition. The plant height, spike length, tiller number, grain weight per plant, grain weight per plant, grass weight and aboveground biomass were measured. [Result] Eighteen kinds of hybrid millet showed strong drought resistance under the condition of only pouring water (1 200 m3 / hm2) before sowing. The yield of 4 combinations of 13DH2, 13DH3, 13DH8 and 13DH9 was higher than 3 000 kg / hm2.13DH2 With only one water injection (1 200 m3 / hm2) before sowing, stable production of 6 000 kg / hm2 can be achieved with an average of 5 kg of grain per cubic meter of water. The application of this technology can increase the area of cultivated land in irrigated farming areas several fold. In addition, 1 200 m3 / hm2 of water is equivalent to 120 mm of rainfall, which may also be applicable in a 200-mm rainfall area. [Conclusion] The technology can cope with extreme climate, protect water resources, expand global grain acreage, and ensure high yield and stable grain yield.