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语文词典的地位在母语教学、对外汉语教学中得到越来越大的提升,汉语语文词典正在逐渐实现三个转向,传统词典分类体系已不能适应需要。我们提出词典分类的三个原则,并在此基础上提出基于五大元功能(查考、规范、教学、辅助表达、资源)的汉语词典分类体系,根据侧重点的不同,把语文词典分为理解型(侧重查考功能、资源功能)、生成型(侧重教学功能、辅助表达功能)和规范型(侧重规范功能)三大类,并探讨各类词典的特点。这种分类更能体现词典的工具性和应用性特点。
The status of Chinese dictionaries is gaining increasing prominence in the teaching of mother tongue and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The Chinese dictionaries are gradually turning into three directions. The traditional dictionaries classification system can no longer meet the needs. We propose three principles of dictionary classification, and on this basis put forward the Chinese dictionary classification system based on five major meta-functions (search, norms, teaching, auxiliary expressions, resources), according to different emphasis, the Chinese dictionary is divided into understanding (Focusing on the search function, resource function), generated type (focusing on teaching function, auxiliary expression function) and normative type (focusing on normative function) three categories, and explore the characteristics of various types of dictionaries. This classification can better reflect the instrumental and applicative features of the dictionary.