Background Treatment of extensive post-traumatic composite bone and soft tissue defects remains a complicated therapeutic problem and a challenge for surgeons.We investigated the application of local flaps and Ilizarov osteogenesis in the reestablishment of severe combined defects of tibial bone and soft tissue.Methods Sixteen patients with bone and soft tissue defects were included.The mean age of the patients was 31.5 years.The average time from injury to initial surgery was 14.4 weeks.The average soft tissue and bone defect sizes were 92.9cm2 and 8.7 cm,respectively.Local flaps were created to reconstruct the soft tissue defects.The Ilizarov extal fixator or the Orthofix Limb Reconstruction System was used to reconstruct bony defects using delayed distraction osteogenesis.Results Two myocutaneous flaps and 14 reverse island flaps were applied.All transferred flaps survived.Fifteen patients healed with equal leg length,and one healed with a residual leg-length discrepancy of 1.5 cm.One patient with an Ilizarov extal fixator developed ankle joint stiffening and a pin-track infection that was successfully treated with oral antibiotics.No patient developed pin loosening.All patients walked without assistance.Fifteen patients reted to their work,and one lost her job.The results were evaluated using the Paley bone and functional assessment scores.The bone assessment results were excellent in 14 and good in two patients.Functional assessment scores were excellent in 13,good in two,and fair in one patient.Conclusion The combination of local flaps and sequential distraction osteogenesis can be used for successful reconstruction of defects of incorporated bone and soft tissue.