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对河南省12个县1989年4岁以下儿童进行死亡回顾抽样调查。结果为婴儿死亡率61.80‰,新生儿死亡率为45.3‰,新生儿死亡人数占婴儿死亡总数的73.26%。婴儿死亡的病因顺位依次为新生儿窒息、肺炎、早产、畸形、意外死亡等。不同年龄死因顺位有明显差异。结果提示:加强围产保健,防止早产和产科意外,减少畸形儿出生率,加强小儿肺炎和感染性疾病的防治,加强安全教育,防止意外死亡是降低儿童死亡率的重要环节。
A retrospective sampling survey was conducted on the death of children under 4 in 1989 in 12 counties in Henan Province. As a result, the infant mortality rate was 61.80%, the neonatal mortality rate was 45.3%, and neonatal deaths accounted for 73.26% of the total number of infant deaths. The cause of infant death in the order of neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia, premature birth, deformity, accidental death. There are obvious differences in the rank of cause of death at different ages. The results suggest that strengthening perinatal care, preventing premature births and obstetric accidents, reducing the birth rate of deformed children, strengthening the prevention and treatment of pneumonia and infectious diseases in children, strengthening safety education and preventing accidental death are important links in reducing child mortality.