“豪杰”是受到明遗民群体普遍认同的人格类型。这种人格形态在儒家思想体系中由孟子所倡导,强调个人的主体意志以及强健的主体对社会责任的担当。明代中后期王学对自我的肯定,使其再度受到重视。明遗民艰难的生存环境要求他们具备坚强有力的人格,这一方面是个人应对人生困境,自我树立的需要,另一方面也出于其强烈的社会责任感和存亡续绝的救世理想。 “Hero ” is a type of personality that is generally accepted by the Ming dynasty. This kind of personality form is advocated by Mencius in the Confucian ideological system, emphasizing the personal will of the main body as well as the strong subject’s responsibility for social responsibility. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Wang Xue’s affirmation of self made it pay attention again. The difficult survival environment of Ming dynasty desires them to have a strong and powerful personality. On the one hand, they should meet the needs of themselves and their self-fulfillment, on the other hand, out of their strong sense of social responsibility and survival and survival.