“金陵八家”是明清时期绘画史中一个重要的画派,包括从明末天启、崇祯到清初康熙年间生活或曾定居于南京的八位画家。在八家之中,龚贤的艺术成就最高,影响也最大。他主张革新,强调以造化为师,主张在艺术创作中抒发情感,以其不同凡响的黑面孔,在明末清初风行的渴笔皴擦的简淡氛围中突兀而出,遂自成一家。 “Jinling Eight” is an important painting school in the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including eight painters who lived in the Kangxi period from the late Ming Dynasty to Chongzhen to the early Qing Dynasty or who had settled in Nanjing. Among the eight, Gong Xian has the highest artistic achievement and the greatest influence. He advocated reform, emphasizing the theory of making good fortune, advocating the expression of emotion in artistic creation, and taking its remarkable black face out of the simple atmosphere of thirsty brushstrokes prevailing in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.