在清初社会秩序的重建过程中,明遗民是一个举足轻重的政治异己力量。他们眷恋故国,心怀恢复理想,对新朝采取敌视和不合作态度。清圣祖亲政以后,有鉴于顺治和四大臣辅政时期激烈的民族矛盾,以及遗民与新朝的紧张关系,调整政策,其中在对明遗民的争取方面,采取和实施了一系列影响深远的遗民策略,这包括:营造相对宽松的政治生态,诏举“博学鸿儒科”,以及重开《明史》馆。在圣祖政策的感召下,明遗民整体上发生了深层蜕变,逐渐由敌视到认同,由反抗到亲附。 In the process of rebuilding social order in the early Qing Dynasty, Ming adherence was a pivotal political alien force. They are attached to the homeland, cherished their ideals and taken a hostile and uncooperative attitude toward the new DPRK. In the light of the intense ethnic conflicts between Shunzhi and the four ministers and the government during the post-Qing period, as well as the tension between the descendants and the new DPRK, the policy was adjusted. Among them, a series of far-reaching Adherents strategy, which includes: to create a relatively relaxed political ecology, Chao cited “learned Confucianism,” and re-opened “Ming Shi” Museum. Inspired by the holy ancestral policy, the Ming adherents as a whole have undergone profound transformation and gradually changed from hostility to identification and opposition to attachment.