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针对航空增压离心泵汽蚀问题,给出了一种效率与汽蚀双目标优化设计方法。该方法首先建立离心泵的能量损失和汽蚀余量分目标函数;其次使用遗传算法对速度系数法所设计的离心泵性能参数进行寻优;最后以CFD仿真软件为平台建立离心泵的流道模型,对优化前后离心泵的压力和速度流场进行了仿真分析,并对优化前后离心泵的流量-效率、流量-汽蚀特性进行了对比研究。仿真结果表明:设计点流量下,优化后泵的效率提高了1.2%,必须汽蚀余量降低了12.51%,其他工况均优于优化前,说明该优化设计方法是可行、有效的。
Aiming at the cavitation problem of aviation booster centrifugal pump, a two-objective optimization design method of efficiency and cavitation is given. Firstly, the objective function of energy loss and NPSH of centrifugal pump is established. Secondly, the performance parameters of centrifugal pump designed by speed coefficient method are optimized by genetic algorithm. Finally, the flow channel of centrifugal pump is established by CFD simulation software Model, the pressure and velocity flow field of the centrifugal pump before and after optimization are simulated and analyzed, and the flow efficiency, flow rate - cavitation characteristics of the centrifugal pump before and after optimization are compared. The simulation results show that the efficiency of the optimized pump increases by 1.2% and the NPSH decreases by 12.51% at design point flow rate. The other conditions are better than those before optimization, which shows that the optimized design method is feasible and effective.