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由于渗流计算及土的抗渗强度理论的发展,土石坝的渗流控制已由以防渗为主发展为防渗与排渗相结合,用反滤层直接防止渗透破坏的法则。土的抗渗强度理论的发展,使土石坝的防渗体变为以防止渗流、减小坝体渗透压力为主,渗透破坏问题主要由反滤层来承担。从此,防渗体的用料范围由粘土料扩展为渗透系数在10~(-5)cm/S数量级范围内的所有土料,裂缝问题也明确为防止渗流冲蚀是最终的对策方法。反滤层设计方法的完善和发展,使土石坝的安全评价有了主要依据。
Due to the calculation of seepage and the development of soil anti-seepage strength theory, the seepage control of earth-rockfill dam has been dominated by anti-seepage and combined with anti-seepage and seepage control, and the anti-seepage layer directly prevents the seepage damage. The development of soil anti-seepage strength theory, so that the seepage of earth-rock dam into a seepage to prevent seepage, reducing the dam’s infiltration pressure, infiltration destruction mainly by the filter layer to bear. Since then, the material of the seepage control body has been expanded from clay material to all soil material with the permeability coefficient in the range of 10-5 cm / S, and the problem of cracks has also been clearly identified as the final countermeasure to prevent seepage erosion. The improvement and development of the design method of the filter layer make the main basis for the safety evaluation of the earth-rock dam.