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皂甙作为一种生物活性物质,越来越受到人们的关注。茶中的皂甙是一类齐墩果烷型三萜类皂甙的混合物,通称为茶皂甙。随着分离分析技术的进步,现已经分别从茶树的根、叶、花和种子中分离鉴定出56种茶皂甙的单体,新增加30多种。对茶皂甙单体生物活性的研究有了很大的进展,对茶皂甙的化学结构和生物活性的关系的研究也有了一定的进展。对56种茶皂甙的含量、化学结构、生物活性、化学结构与生物活性的关系等作较详细的综述。
Saponins as a bioactive substance, more and more people’s attention. Saponins in tea are a class of oleanane type triterpenoid saponins mixture, commonly known as tea saponin. With the progress of separation and analysis techniques, 56 kinds of tea saponin monomers have been isolated and identified from the roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of tea trees, and more than 30 new ones have been added. The research on the biological activity of tea saponin monomer has made great progress, and the research on the relationship between the chemical structure and bioactivity of tea saponin has also made some progress. The content, chemical structure, biological activity, chemical structure and biological activity of 56 kinds of tea saponins were reviewed in detail.