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Abstract: As a modern teaching means, multimedia, which overcomes limitations of traditional teaching methods, brings infinite livingness and vital force for teaching and learning. But many teachers pay too much attention on multimedia in their classes, thus wrongly using it which leads to dissatisfying effect or even failure. In this paper, it is mainly discussed some problems of teaching with multimedia and put forward some reasonable recommendations of the use of multimedia in connection with those problems.
Keywords: Multimedia; instructional design; courseware; choice
中圖分类号:G604 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-8283(2009)05-0160-02
1 Introduction
With the development of the educational business and intensification of reform in education, as an entirely new teaching means, multimedia has become an important part of the classroom teaching.
Multimedia is a kind of information technology that combines the text with graphics, video, animation and voice, handled and controlled by the computer. Applying the multimedia in teaching can turn the complication to simplification, give prominence to the focal points and the difficulty, and reflect the content of courses vividly. Moreover, multimedia can reduce the burden of students, raise the interest, enthusiasm of students, in favor of train the students' ability of thinking, judgment and analysis. Unfortunately, many teachers pay too much attention on multimedia in their classes, thus wrongly using it which leads to dissatisfying effect or even failure, the advanced teaching facilities can not put to use completely in the practical teaching process, and the application of multimedia in teaching is unsatisfactory.
2 Problems on teaching with multimedia
2.1 Restrict the relationship between teacher and student
Classroom teaching is an activity that involved in teacher and student. The teacher can judge whether the students understand or feel unsure by communicating with students; adjust their teaching process and teaching method. In the teaching with multimedia, the function of the multimedia is show the background and voiced language to the students, which can not replace the communicational drill and thinking training.If the teacher doesn't pay attention to the communication with the students and operate the mouse in front of the computer, the teacher and the students are facing to the computer and the display screen, which must block the affective communication between the teacher and the students, the teaching atmosphere is depressed, the leading role of teacher and the main position of the students can not exemplified, the enthusiasm of students can not motivated.
2.2 Redundantly use and rely on the multimedia
In view of a number of merits of multimedia, many teachers think that multimedia can replace the traditional teaching means completely and become the only teaching method that can depend on. In their opinion, the more use of multimedia, the students are more interested in English learning and more easy for the students master the teaching content ,thus the learning efficiency is higher. Therefore, some teacher use the multimedia in the whole teaching process, busy switching the screen, and the teaching process become the operation of the computer. The students are watching and listening to the courseware in the class, the role of the students turn into the spectators, the original intention of the multimedia teaching is distorted, which is contrary to the discipline of language learning. Moreover, the teacher may not according to the original plan in the classroom teaching, they may explain the text with the temporary inspiration and train of thought. After using the multimedia , this kind of extemporaneous play may be restricted, the teachers are more depend on the courseware and their own teaching style can not be embodied fully.
2.3 The students have difficulty in getting hold of the teaching content
Multimedia increases the information content in the class; distracts the attention from the students, which results in many students can not follow the teacher. As there is no time for writing on the blackboard, the time for display language points that require students mastered is shortened. Usually, the screen is switched but the students are not sock up the new language points. In long term, there will be more and more questions and the students will be weary of studying.
2.4 Make against the train of students' imagination
The multimedia can bring together voice, graphic, words in a unit, which satisfies the seeing and hearing requirement of the students. Therefore, many teachers put a great deal of voice, graphic and other visual information, which can make the abstract knowledge visualized, meanwhile, makes those should thought by students displayed in visualized pictures and restrict the students' thinking, went against the exertion of students' imagination.
2.5 Easily cause the wasting of resources
In order to exert the function and benefit, the teachers must study the teaching material carefully; make sure the content of courseware keep with the teaching content, lesson type and students' cognitive power. For the college students or high middle school students, their cognitive level is quite high, and they have much experience in their daily life, thus they can master some teaching points by themselves or under simple guidance of teacher.It doesn't need the multimedia in this situation, otherwise may have the effect of "ruin the effect by adding something superfluous", and waste a large number of resources, make the multimedia is a thing that is showy but of no practical use.
3 Suggestion for the appropriate use of multimedia
If we redundantly use and rely on the multimedia greatly, the students won't be able to see the wood for the trees, which is contrary to the aim of CALL. The students would examine a thing hurriedly in the class, not pay attention to the content of teaching, the classroom teaching become a mere formality.
3.1 Avoid turning the English class into the class that shows courseware
The efficiency of classroom teaching would be high if use the CALL appropriately. However, if we pursue the modernization of the teaching means painstakingly, redundantly use the multimedia and turn the English class into the class that show courseware, the teacher would be the projectionist and the students would not know the important points. In order to avoid this situation, we should pay attention to the following points
3.1.1 the teacher still play the leading role in multimedia
The teacher equipped with many functions that the multimedia cannot replace, although multimedia has a number of merits. The language among human is equipped with appetency and is the most flexible language. And the interaction between the teacher and the students is the most efficient teaching and learning channel.Multimedia is just one of the teaching methods that cannot replace the role of the teacher completely in the class, although is the advanced teaching means. In other words, the teacher play the leading role, the multimedia is under dog and the nonprocess equipment, we use them for the teaching.
3.1.2The frequency of usage of multimedia should appropriate
In order to embody the modernization of teaching means, some teachers use the multimedia as many times as possible in class. They think the more use of the multimedia, the higher of the participation rate and the higher of the teaching efficiency. They depend on the multimedia greatly; show the pictures and movies to the students. It seems that the students are interested in English class, but in fact, they just like the pictures not the content of the teaching. The students would get limited language material with frequent interruption of the teaching information .the teacher should make clear that they use the multimedia in order to pick the language points , activate the teaching material, create the real language situation.
3.2 Combine the multimedia with other teaching means
In the English classroom teaching, the role of the multimedia is very important; it doesn't mean that multimedia can replace all other instructional media.The teaching efficiency would perfect only combine the multimedia with other teaching means.
3.2.1 avoid using multimedia and neglecting other conventional teaching means
After many teacher have a taste blood of using multimedia, they would change their own teaching type,thinkmultimediaequipped with incomparable advantage but they don't know other instructional media and means also have special function that can not be replaced by multimedia , such asthe object and simple drawing . For instance, for the lesson "what time do you g to school?" (New goal, Go for it, Grade 7, Book I), we can use the clock or watch; it is visualized and direct viewing. Because the brain accepts the object first and then the picture. So the teacher should choose the appropriate media and means, exert their own advantages.
3.2.2 Avoid only lookingat the display screen and neglecting the blackboard
Some teachers think with the display screen, the blackboard can absent from the classroom. They treat the screen as the blackboard, and they put all materials, questions and answers in the computer when they preparing the lessons, and those contents can display on the screen as the teacher click the mouse. In English class, the teacher should create the circumstance based on the teaching progress, lead the students to practice, carry the point of students are communicating in English. Moreover, the excellent writing on the blackboard is not only refined, but also can improved according to the students' interrogations. If the contents on the screen fly by like lightening, which results in the students have a vague and general idea of the content and also influence students make notes. From the experiment we know that the ratio of those make notes in class can recall the contents of class is seven times of those not make notes. So replace the blackboard completely by multimedia can not exert the advantage of multimedia.
3.3 study well and exploit the multimedia courseware
Multimedia courseware is according to the requirement of teaching program and the demand of teaching, emphasize the enlighten of students, reflect the whole process of solving the problems. The aim of the design of multimedia courseware is reveal the inherent law of teaching, show the abstract teaching contents with concrete forms. The design and technical merit of multimedia influence the teaching efficiency directly. in order to exert the teaching merit of multimedia andincrease the teaching efficiency ,the teacher should study and exploit the multimedia courseware further and make excellent ones.
4 Conclusion
Teaching with multimedia is a kind of modernized teaching means , is an entirelynewteaching mode 。As for the traditional teaching, multimedia is a fangle, so there will be various problems when using them.In connection with those problems, if we quest new teaching methods, exploit new teaching models in the teaching process, we can exert the proper function of multimedia in the teaching, optimize teaching process and increase teaching quality.
Reference:
[1]Cui fengguo, Cheng zhihui (2007) the advantages and disadvantages of applying multimedia courseware on teaching ,Journal of Northeast Dianli university natural science edition, 3, 52-53
[2]Wang Xiaomei (2008) the application of multimedia in English reaching. Science and Technology information. 9, 32
[3]Xiang Liming (2008) Problems of teaching with Multimedia .Journal of Liaoning educational administration institute. 2, 44
[4]Xu Ping (2007) Usage of multimedia in college English teaching, Science and technology information, 26,514
[5]Sun jian (2008) Analysis the teaching factors of multimedia in colleges and universities. Science and Technology information, 6, 135.
Keywords: Multimedia; instructional design; courseware; choice
中圖分类号:G604 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-8283(2009)05-0160-02
1 Introduction
With the development of the educational business and intensification of reform in education, as an entirely new teaching means, multimedia has become an important part of the classroom teaching.
Multimedia is a kind of information technology that combines the text with graphics, video, animation and voice, handled and controlled by the computer. Applying the multimedia in teaching can turn the complication to simplification, give prominence to the focal points and the difficulty, and reflect the content of courses vividly. Moreover, multimedia can reduce the burden of students, raise the interest, enthusiasm of students, in favor of train the students' ability of thinking, judgment and analysis. Unfortunately, many teachers pay too much attention on multimedia in their classes, thus wrongly using it which leads to dissatisfying effect or even failure, the advanced teaching facilities can not put to use completely in the practical teaching process, and the application of multimedia in teaching is unsatisfactory.
2 Problems on teaching with multimedia
2.1 Restrict the relationship between teacher and student
Classroom teaching is an activity that involved in teacher and student. The teacher can judge whether the students understand or feel unsure by communicating with students; adjust their teaching process and teaching method. In the teaching with multimedia, the function of the multimedia is show the background and voiced language to the students, which can not replace the communicational drill and thinking training.If the teacher doesn't pay attention to the communication with the students and operate the mouse in front of the computer, the teacher and the students are facing to the computer and the display screen, which must block the affective communication between the teacher and the students, the teaching atmosphere is depressed, the leading role of teacher and the main position of the students can not exemplified, the enthusiasm of students can not motivated.
2.2 Redundantly use and rely on the multimedia
In view of a number of merits of multimedia, many teachers think that multimedia can replace the traditional teaching means completely and become the only teaching method that can depend on. In their opinion, the more use of multimedia, the students are more interested in English learning and more easy for the students master the teaching content ,thus the learning efficiency is higher. Therefore, some teacher use the multimedia in the whole teaching process, busy switching the screen, and the teaching process become the operation of the computer. The students are watching and listening to the courseware in the class, the role of the students turn into the spectators, the original intention of the multimedia teaching is distorted, which is contrary to the discipline of language learning. Moreover, the teacher may not according to the original plan in the classroom teaching, they may explain the text with the temporary inspiration and train of thought. After using the multimedia , this kind of extemporaneous play may be restricted, the teachers are more depend on the courseware and their own teaching style can not be embodied fully.
2.3 The students have difficulty in getting hold of the teaching content
Multimedia increases the information content in the class; distracts the attention from the students, which results in many students can not follow the teacher. As there is no time for writing on the blackboard, the time for display language points that require students mastered is shortened. Usually, the screen is switched but the students are not sock up the new language points. In long term, there will be more and more questions and the students will be weary of studying.
2.4 Make against the train of students' imagination
The multimedia can bring together voice, graphic, words in a unit, which satisfies the seeing and hearing requirement of the students. Therefore, many teachers put a great deal of voice, graphic and other visual information, which can make the abstract knowledge visualized, meanwhile, makes those should thought by students displayed in visualized pictures and restrict the students' thinking, went against the exertion of students' imagination.
2.5 Easily cause the wasting of resources
In order to exert the function and benefit, the teachers must study the teaching material carefully; make sure the content of courseware keep with the teaching content, lesson type and students' cognitive power. For the college students or high middle school students, their cognitive level is quite high, and they have much experience in their daily life, thus they can master some teaching points by themselves or under simple guidance of teacher.It doesn't need the multimedia in this situation, otherwise may have the effect of "ruin the effect by adding something superfluous", and waste a large number of resources, make the multimedia is a thing that is showy but of no practical use.
3 Suggestion for the appropriate use of multimedia
If we redundantly use and rely on the multimedia greatly, the students won't be able to see the wood for the trees, which is contrary to the aim of CALL. The students would examine a thing hurriedly in the class, not pay attention to the content of teaching, the classroom teaching become a mere formality.
3.1 Avoid turning the English class into the class that shows courseware
The efficiency of classroom teaching would be high if use the CALL appropriately. However, if we pursue the modernization of the teaching means painstakingly, redundantly use the multimedia and turn the English class into the class that show courseware, the teacher would be the projectionist and the students would not know the important points. In order to avoid this situation, we should pay attention to the following points
3.1.1 the teacher still play the leading role in multimedia
The teacher equipped with many functions that the multimedia cannot replace, although multimedia has a number of merits. The language among human is equipped with appetency and is the most flexible language. And the interaction between the teacher and the students is the most efficient teaching and learning channel.Multimedia is just one of the teaching methods that cannot replace the role of the teacher completely in the class, although is the advanced teaching means. In other words, the teacher play the leading role, the multimedia is under dog and the nonprocess equipment, we use them for the teaching.
3.1.2The frequency of usage of multimedia should appropriate
In order to embody the modernization of teaching means, some teachers use the multimedia as many times as possible in class. They think the more use of the multimedia, the higher of the participation rate and the higher of the teaching efficiency. They depend on the multimedia greatly; show the pictures and movies to the students. It seems that the students are interested in English class, but in fact, they just like the pictures not the content of the teaching. The students would get limited language material with frequent interruption of the teaching information .the teacher should make clear that they use the multimedia in order to pick the language points , activate the teaching material, create the real language situation.
3.2 Combine the multimedia with other teaching means
In the English classroom teaching, the role of the multimedia is very important; it doesn't mean that multimedia can replace all other instructional media.The teaching efficiency would perfect only combine the multimedia with other teaching means.
3.2.1 avoid using multimedia and neglecting other conventional teaching means
After many teacher have a taste blood of using multimedia, they would change their own teaching type,thinkmultimediaequipped with incomparable advantage but they don't know other instructional media and means also have special function that can not be replaced by multimedia , such asthe object and simple drawing . For instance, for the lesson "what time do you g to school?" (New goal, Go for it, Grade 7, Book I), we can use the clock or watch; it is visualized and direct viewing. Because the brain accepts the object first and then the picture. So the teacher should choose the appropriate media and means, exert their own advantages.
3.2.2 Avoid only lookingat the display screen and neglecting the blackboard
Some teachers think with the display screen, the blackboard can absent from the classroom. They treat the screen as the blackboard, and they put all materials, questions and answers in the computer when they preparing the lessons, and those contents can display on the screen as the teacher click the mouse. In English class, the teacher should create the circumstance based on the teaching progress, lead the students to practice, carry the point of students are communicating in English. Moreover, the excellent writing on the blackboard is not only refined, but also can improved according to the students' interrogations. If the contents on the screen fly by like lightening, which results in the students have a vague and general idea of the content and also influence students make notes. From the experiment we know that the ratio of those make notes in class can recall the contents of class is seven times of those not make notes. So replace the blackboard completely by multimedia can not exert the advantage of multimedia.
3.3 study well and exploit the multimedia courseware
Multimedia courseware is according to the requirement of teaching program and the demand of teaching, emphasize the enlighten of students, reflect the whole process of solving the problems. The aim of the design of multimedia courseware is reveal the inherent law of teaching, show the abstract teaching contents with concrete forms. The design and technical merit of multimedia influence the teaching efficiency directly. in order to exert the teaching merit of multimedia andincrease the teaching efficiency ,the teacher should study and exploit the multimedia courseware further and make excellent ones.
4 Conclusion
Teaching with multimedia is a kind of modernized teaching means , is an entirelynewteaching mode 。As for the traditional teaching, multimedia is a fangle, so there will be various problems when using them.In connection with those problems, if we quest new teaching methods, exploit new teaching models in the teaching process, we can exert the proper function of multimedia in the teaching, optimize teaching process and increase teaching quality.
Reference:
[1]Cui fengguo, Cheng zhihui (2007) the advantages and disadvantages of applying multimedia courseware on teaching ,Journal of Northeast Dianli university natural science edition, 3, 52-53
[2]Wang Xiaomei (2008) the application of multimedia in English reaching. Science and Technology information. 9, 32
[3]Xiang Liming (2008) Problems of teaching with Multimedia .Journal of Liaoning educational administration institute. 2, 44
[4]Xu Ping (2007) Usage of multimedia in college English teaching, Science and technology information, 26,514
[5]Sun jian (2008) Analysis the teaching factors of multimedia in colleges and universities. Science and Technology information, 6, 135.